CONCLUSIONS 



Since the Hopewell explorations, extensive researches have been 

 carried on among the mound groups in the Mississippi Valley and the 

 South. Although several archaeologists have lamented the delay in the 

 Hopewell publication, there is this to be said in favor of a long-deferred 

 report. We are now able to make comparisons between the Hopewell 

 and other mound cultures, whereas, had this report been published 

 shortly after the end of the Columbian Exposition, observations would 

 naturally have been limited to Madisonville, the Turner group, and 

 Fort Ancient. 1 Practically every one agrees with reference to the two 

 sharply defined cultures of southern Ohio, which are now designated as 

 the Fort Ancient and Hopewell cultures. An admirable study of these 

 was published by H. C. Shetrone. 1 In addition to these I think we 

 should recognize a third, the glacial-kame culture. This may be closely 

 related to the Fort Ancient culture, yet insufficient work has been done 

 to positively identify it. It is based upon numerous interments found 

 in gravel hills of glacial formation, common in central and southern 

 Ohio. Most of the artifacts found with these seem somewhat different 

 from those of the Fort Ancient culture. None of the gravel knolls near 

 the Hopewell group contained burials, but it might be well for some one 

 to extend researches in this direction to points several miles distant 

 from it. 



Though the length and breadth of the State of Ohio the Fort Ancient 

 culture seems to have obtained. In fact, it surrounded the Hopewell 

 culture. The latter was highly developed locally in the various sites, 

 where the great earthworks of the valleys are situated, but was compact 

 or concentrated, while the Fort Ancient culture was widely distributed. 

 All the great groups belonging to this culture are within a hundred 

 miles of Hopewell. The great works at Newark are at about this dis- 

 tance by Indian trail. All the characteristic Scioto Valley enclosures: 

 Mound City, High Banks, Liberty, Circleville, etc., are from eight to 

 twenty-five miles away. Runners could reach most of them in one and 

 a half to five hours time, and even the most distant in two days. 



Attention is called to the very able report recently published by Hooton and 

 Willougiibv, Indian Village Site and Cemetery near Madisonville, Ohio (Papers 

 of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, 

 Vol. VIII, No. I, Cambridge, 1920). 



1 American Anthropologist, 1920, p. 144. 



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