i 



INTIIODUCTION. * XxHl 



rtif/o.je, when \yrinkled or marked with irregular raised or depressed lines. 



umbilicate^ when marked with a small round depression. 



umbonate,^ when bearing a small boss like that of a shield. 



viscous, viscid, or glutinous, when covered with a sticky or clammy exudation. 



scabrous, when rough to the touch. 



tuherculate or warted, when covered witli small, obtuse, wart-like protuberances. 

 muricatey when the protuberances are more raised and pointed but -i^'^t short and 



' 7 ■ •• • 



echinate, wlien the protuberances are longer and sharper, almost prickly. 



seiom or hristhj, when bearing very stiff erect straight hairs. 



giaadiilar-selose, when the setae or bristles terminate m a minute resinous head or 

 drop. In some works, especially in the case of B^oses and Euhus^ the moaning of set m 

 has been restricted to such as are glandular. 



glovludiate^ wlien the setae are hooked at the top. 



pilose, v;hen the siu'face is tliinly sprinkled witli rather long simple hairs. 



hispid, when more thickly covered with rather stiff hairs. 



hirsute, when the hairs are dense and not so stiff. 



doivni/ 01' jjubesce id, when the hairs are short and soft ; piilerulent^ when slightly 

 pubescent, 



^ strigose, when tlie hairs are rather short and ^tiff, and he close along the surface 

 all in the same direction ; strigiHose^ when slightly strigose. 



tomentose or cottonij, vrhcn the hairs are very short and soft, rather dense and 

 »iore or less intricate, and usually white or whitish. 



woolly {Innate), when the hairs are long and loo?ely intricate, like wool. The 

 wool or tomcutum is said to be floccose when closely mtricate and readily detached, 

 like fleece. 



mealg (farinose), when the hairs are excessively short, intricate and ^vliite, and 

 come off readily, liaving the appearance of meal or dust. 



canescent or hoarg, when the huii^s are so abort as not readily to be distinguished 

 by the naked eye, and yet give a general whitish hue to the epidermis. 

 ^glaucous, when of a pale bluish-green, often covered with a fine bloom. 

 171. The meanings here attached to the above terms are such as appear to have been 

 ost generally adopted, but there is much vagueness in the use practically made of 

 many of them by differtmt botanists, TJiis is especially the case with the terms i?;7o^^, 

 nispuJ^, Jilrsute, pubescent, and tomentose. 



1' 5. The name of Glands is triven to several different productions, and principally 

 to the four following .— 



1. Small wart-like or sliield-Uke bodies, cither sessile or sometimes stalked, of a 

 fimgous or somewhat fleshy consistence, occasionally secreting a small quantity of oily 

 or resinous matter, but more frequcntlv dry. They are generally few in number, often 

 definite in their position and form, and occur ehicily on the petiole or principal vems 

 of leaves, on the branches of inflorescences, or on the stalks or principal vems of bracts, 



mo 



sepals, or petals. 



2. Minute raised dots, usually black, red, or dark-coloured, of a resinous or oily 

 nature, always superficial, and apparently exudations from the epidermis. They are 

 oftj^-n numerous on leaves, bracts, sepals, and green branches, nud occur even on petals 

 and stamens, more rarely on pistils. When raised upon slender stalks they are called 

 pedicellate (or sllpitate) glands, or glandular hairs, according to the thickness of the 



3. Small, globular, oblonn- or even linear vesicles, filled with oil, imbedded in the 

 substance itself of leaver bracts, floral organs, or fruits. They are often very^ numer* 

 ous, like transparent dots, sometimes few and determinate in form and position, in 

 the pericarp of Uuibcllifer<B they are remarkably regular and conspicuous, and take 

 tlie name of vitt<B, 



4. Lobes of the disk (137), or other smaU flcsliy excrescences within ihi^ flower, 

 ■^"hethcr from the recei>taole. of\\Kx. noroUa. stamens, or pistil. 



