98 TX. CAPPARIDE/E. {ApopJiyllum. 



linear or Ibicar-acute, 2 to 3 lines long and very deciduous, or rarely above \ 

 in. long and more persistent. Elowers small, fragrant, either growing singly 

 along the young shoots or in short lateral racemes or clusters. Petals 1 to 1^ 

 lines long. Sepals rather more tlian 1 Ihie long, pubescciit. Petals unequal, 

 as long as or longer than the sepals, pubescent inside at the base. Pruit 

 nearly globular, the size of a sa^all pea. 



N. Australia. Brigalow scrub, on the Bui-deldn, F, Mneller ; Cooper's river, A. C, 

 Gregory. 



Queensland. In the interior, MitcheU, 



Or^DEnX. VIOLARIE-ffi. 



Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, imbrieate, 

 equal or unequal, with the loAver one larger, or spurred or otherwise dissimilar. 

 Stamens 5, hypogynous or nearly so, the anthers erect and connivent, or con- 

 nate round the pistil, «^essile or on short filaments, the connective often very 

 broad, with the anther-crlls opening inwards. Ovaiy free, sessile, l-cellcd, 

 with usually 3 parietal placentas, and several or rarely only 1 or 2 anatropous 

 ovules to each placenta. Style usually simple, often thickened or curved at 

 the top. Fruit a capsule, opening in as many valves as placentas, or rarely an 

 indehiscent berry. Seeds with a fleshy albumen ; embryo axile, usually straiglit, 

 the cotyledons usiudly broad and flat, the radicle next the hUum. — Herbs or 

 shrubs. Leaves usually alternate, simple, and rarely lobed or cut, with 

 lateral stipules. Flowers axillary, solitary, or in cymes or panicles, very 

 rarely in racemes. Pedicels usually with 3 bractcolcs. Capsules often open- 

 ing elastically. 



All Order generally dispersed over the globe. Of the three Australian genera, two Lave a 

 very wide geographical range, the tliird extends from Australia to New Zealand, 



Ilerhs or undershruhs, with very irregular flowers. Fruit capsular. 

 . Sepals produced into a small appendage, or at least a protuberance 



below their insertion. Lower petal spurred or saecatc ... 1. Viola. 

 Sepals not produced at the base. Lower petal saccate or gibbous 



at the base 2. Ionidioi. 



Shrubs with small regular flowers. Fruit a heiTy 3. IIymenanxH^RA. 



(The widely -spread tropical genus Ahodeia has not yet been detected in Australia.) 



1. VIOLA, Linn. 



Sepals produced into a small appendage or protuberance below the insertion. 

 Petals spreading, the lowest usually larger, spurred or saccate at tlie base. 

 Anthers nearly sessile, the connectives flat, produced into a membranous ap- 

 pendage beyond the cells, those of the 2 lower anthers usually bearing a small 

 dorsal reflexed protuberance or spur. Style variously thickened or dilated at 

 the top, straight with a termhial stigma, or incurved with the stigma in front. 

 Capsule opening elastically in 3 valves. Seeds ovoid-globtdar with a cnista- 

 ceous testa. — Herbs, with the stipiJes usually foliaceous and persistent. 1^" 

 duncles axillary, 1-flowered. Most species, besides the perfect flowers, produce 

 later in the season small apetalous, but very pi'olific flowers. 



