) 



^iola.] X. VIOLARIE.E. 99 



A very large gcnns, most of the species natives of the temperate regions of the northern 

 hemisphere, or of the high mountains of South Aiuerica, with a very few dispersed over 

 Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The Australian species are either quite endemic or ex- 

 tend only to Norfolk Ishmd and New Zealand. They are all perennials. 



Stcmless, with a tufted or creeping rhizome. 

 Leaves lanceolate, ohlong, or scarcely ovate. No stolons. Sti- 

 pules adnate 1. V. bcfomcafolia. 



Leaves nearly orhieular.* 



Stolons creeping. Spur reduced to a slight protuberance. Sti- 



pules free 2. F. heScracea. 



No stolons. Spur prominent. Stipules adnate 3. F. Cunninghamii . 



tlowcring-stems elongated. Leaves broad. 



Leaves scarcely cordate. Stipules adnate 3. F. Cuuningliamii. 



Leaves deeply cordate. Stipules free 4. F. Caleyana. 



1. V. betonicaefolia, /Ste.; DC. Prod. i. 294. Glabrous or pubescent, 

 stemless, and witbout stolons, and often tufted, the stock either ending under- 

 neath abruptly, with thick spreading fibres, or tapering into a horizontal or 

 descending root. Leaves radical, from lanceolate to oblong or nearly ovate, 

 mostly obtuse, and 1 to 1^ in. long, entire or slightly crcnate, truncate or 

 shghtly cordate, rarely narrowed at the base, with the long petiole usually 

 diiated at the top. Stipnlcs linear, adnate to the petiole. Scapes of the 

 perfect flowers usually considerably longer than the leaves, with the subulate 

 wacts below the middle. Flowers violet, rather large. Sepals lanceolate, 

 aciite, 2i to nearly 3 lines long, with short blunt basal appendages. Lateral 

 petals usually copiously beai-ded inside, the upper ones less so, the lowest not 

 at all ; spur broad and obtuse, nuich shorter than the sepals. Style thick- 

 ened upwards, concave at the top, not winged. Apctalous flowers on very 

 short scapes.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 27 ; F. Muell. PI. Vict. i. G4 ; V.pli/- 

 nmfolia and V. longlscapa, DC. in Herb. Lamb., from the char, in G. Don, 

 Gen. Syst. i. 322. 



Queensland. Mitchell; near Brisbane, F. Mueller. 



«. S. -Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieler, n. 180, and others; northward to 

 hUp'^"^^t "'"^ Maekay rivers, Beckler ; southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller; and m the 



enor to the Lachlan river, ^. Cunningham, Fraser, tic. 

 sontl*^ Port Phillip, R. Brotvn ; grassy moist ridges, sparingly scattered over the 



™iern and eastern pai-ts of the colony, F. Miteller. 



^asmania. Common iu moist good soils throughout the island, /. D. Hooker. 



». Australia. Near Rivoli Bay and in the Bugle ranges, but rare, F. Mueller. 

 iri„-^^n ^'^'^ ^'"°'" ^""''folk Island, Backhouse, and the species is nearly allied to \.Ja- 

 diffp V ' '"'^''■^ '^ common in India, eastern Siberia, and China, and only appears to 

 ^ fonv V. betonicafolia in the rather longer spur and the style usually broadly wmgcd. 



f- ^' liederacea, Lalill. PI. Nov. Holl. i. m, t. 91. Glabrous or 



II descent, densely tufted or widely crccpin? by its numerous stolons, very 



jj cn^ittiug weak leafy stems. Leaves rcniform, orbicular, or spaUiulate, 



suaijy under \ in. diameter, but when very luxuriant, 1 to 1^ in., entire or 



pl'^'ly and sometimes coarsely toothed. Stipules free, brown, lanccolate- 



'nuate. Scapes usually longer than the leaves, the bracts about the middle. 



Sen^V? "sually small, blue, rarely white, but sometimes fully f in. broad, 

 pals lanceolate, with only a slight protuberance below their insertion. Petals 



^ aureus, or the lateral ones slightly pubescent inside, the spur of the lower 



H i 



