JERZY KONORSKI 



123 



In our experiments on delayed responses with dogs (Lawicka and 

 Konorski, 1959) we used an experimental setting (Fig. i) which allowed 

 us to observe and analyse the changes in animal's behaviour after operation 

 more clearly than was possible in the Wisconsin apparatus. We have 

 found that after ablations of the frontal poles rostral to the presylvian 

 sulcus (Fig. 3) the animals, completely or almost completely, lose their 



Fig. 3 

 The cerebral cortex of dog represented in two dimensions (it the sheet ot 

 paper is bent along the longitudinal axis, the three-dimensional picture of the 

 cortex is obtained). The prefrontal associative areas and temporal associative 

 areas removed in corresponding experiments are stippled. 



capacity to remember in which direction they have to go in the delayed 

 response test. Being released after the delay period they 'follow their 

 nose', i.e. go to that food tray to which they are just turned. If the delay 

 period is short and no distracting stimulus has mtervencd, the dogs are 

 able to preserve their bodily orientation towards that food tray which was 

 signalled and then they are able to react correctly; we have called this type 

 of reaction a 'pseudo-delayed response' since it is due not to the recent 

 memory of the cue but to the actual direction of the body and head. But 

 if the animals' attention is diverted for a moment, so that they change their 



