p. K. ANOKHIN 211 



formation of the conditioned reflex, spreads with uncommon speed 

 through all the chains ot the past afferent stimulations which reflected the 

 continuity in the development ot some act ot behaviour. This process of 

 the anticipatory propagation of afferent excitations until the moment the 

 acceptor of action is formed may be shown diagramatically as in Fig. 9. 



4. FORMATION OF THE CONDITIONED REACTION EFFECTOR APPARATUS 



The stage of formation oi the conditioned reaction effector apparatus 

 is directly dependent on the course or end of the afferent synthesis. The 

 latter is always an integral whole and contains in its composition both 

 somatic and vegetative components (motor component, respiratory 

 component, cardiac component, vascular component, hormonal com- 

 ponent, etc.). 



The characteristic feature ot this effector integration is the fact that each 

 of its functioning peripheral components is harmoniously related to the 

 other components and together they constitute the given act oi behaviour 

 or the conditioned reflex. 



For example, the respiratory component ot the conditioned reflex was 

 subjected to systematic analysis fc^r the tirst time in our laboratory 

 (Balakhm, 1930-35; Polezhayev, 1952; Makarov, 195(S; ct ah). It was 

 shown to be ot an entirely specitic character corresponding to the bio- 

 Ic^gical quality of the animal's given reaction as a whole. In the defensive 

 conditioned reflex the respiratory component exhibits a high inspiratory 

 tonus and frequent respiratory movements of the thorax. 



In a well-fixed alimentary conditioned reflex the respiratory rhythm is, 

 on the contrary, quiet and only at the moment when the conditioned 

 stimulus is applied docs the orienting-investigatory reaction temporarily 

 raise the activity of the respiratory component (Fig. 11). 



A comparative evaluation of the secretory, motor, respiratory and 

 cardiovascular components of the conditioned reflex shows that they are 

 all harmoniously adapted to the biological signiticance of the whole 

 reaction. If the reaction requires general activity and tension (as, for 

 example, the conditioned defensive reaction) all the vegetative com- 

 ponents, as many as there are, unite into an integrated whole, each ot them 

 corresponding to the tasks ot the given adaptive act. This means that the 

 intensity of the vegetative components of the conditioned reflex, which 

 provide the entire reaction with power resources, is directly dependent on 

 the degree of the fortlicoiiiiin^ expenditure of these resources. 



This state, revealed particularly clearly as early as 1935 in the studies of 



p 



