V. K. ANOKIIIN 213 



components in general reach the tei'uimal effector components hi the 

 form of components of specific quahties (secretion for the aUnientary 

 conditioned reaction, movement for the defensive conditioned reaction) 

 before the conditioned reflex reaction manifests itself. The other important 

 aspect of what we call Vegetative outstripping' consists in the fact that all 

 these components in their totality are of a conditioned refiex nature and 

 reflect precisely the energy requirements of the forthcoming conciitioned 

 reflex action. 



Shidlovsky devoted a special experiment to this problem. He recorded 

 the cardiovascular components of the conditioned alimentary reaction in 

 two different situations: in one case, the animal had to overcome a small 

 obstacle to get at the food received as reinforcement, thus exerting a 

 muscular effort, while in the other case the food was brought directly to 

 the animal's muzzle. Thus, in the first case, the conditioned signal warned 

 the animal not only of the forthcoming feeding but also of certain uiiisciihv 

 efforts it had to exert before receiving the food. 



hi total conformity with these conditions the respiratory and cardio- 

 vascular components of the conditioned reaction are vigorously activated 

 in the first case. Conversely, in the second case, the same vegetative 

 components manifest no such changes and deviate but slightly from the 

 level of the resting state (Fig. 12). 



All the experiments performed in this direction clearly show that the 

 conditioned reaction, as a manifestation of the integral organism, atlects 

 the periphery through very numerous terminal neurones involving most 

 diverse somatic and vegetative components. 



An evaluation of the physiological composition of this integral etlerent 

 formation should take into account its three physiological peculiarities: 



[a) it is a direct result of the afferent synthesis stage; 



[b) it forms during the entire course of elaboration of the given concii- 

 tioned reflex (see below) ; 



(f) it has a vertical physiological architecture, since it infallibly includes 

 cortical and subcortical components. 



The last of the foregoing propositions is clearly demonstrated by the 

 very participation of vegetative components in the conditioned reflex. 

 Since these components reflect the integral character of the total reaction 

 and are formed through the terminal pathways of the hypothalamus and 

 the brain stem reticular formation, it is possible to chart the general 

 distribution of the nervous impulses within the entire efferent stream of 

 excitations, including the functioning organs. 



