62 INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOCHEAIICAL SPECIFICITY 



Africa. The D antigen is most frequent in African populations and 

 is so much more common there that it could almost be called an 

 African antigen. 



Stability of Rh Antigens 

 The chemical nature of the Rh antigens is still completely unknown 

 (see, however, Chapter 7). The antigens appear to be less stable than 

 A, B, M, and N; at least Kosyakov (1954) reported that they are 

 destroyed by boiling for 10 minutes. 



Other Blood Groups 



Once laboratories were set up to examine routinely human sera 

 which showed atypical agglutination reactions, the discovery of 

 other human blood groups followed rapidly. It is doubtful if all 

 have yet been reported. Those already demonstrated have generally 

 been named after the donor in whose blood the new antigen or anti- 

 body was first identified. They have names such as Lutheran, Lewis, 

 Duffy, Kell, and Kidd. A blood factor which may possibly be different 

 from any of these has been found with the aid of a plant agglutinin 

 from peanuts (see Chapter 5). 



References 



Boyd, W. C, 1959, /. Med. Educ. 34, 398. 



Boyd, W. C, and L. G. Boyd, 1934, /. Immunol. 26, 489. 



Boyd, W. C, and L. G. Boyd, 1937, /. Immunol. 32, 307. 



Boyd, W. C, and E. Shapleigh, 1954a, /. Lab. Clin. Med. 44, 235. 



Boyd, W. C, and E. Shapleigh, 1954b, Blood 9, 1195. 



Boyd, W. C, and E. Tayian, 1935, /. Immunol. 29, 511. 



Boyd, W. C, D. M. Green, D. M. Fujinaga, J. S. Drabik, and E. Waszczenko- 



Zacharczenko, 1959, Vox Sanguinis 4, 456. 

 Boorman, K. E., and B. E. Dodd, 1943, /. Pathol. Bacterial. 55, 329. 

 Cazal, P., and M. Lalurie, 1952, Acta Haematol. 8, 73. 

 Filitti-Wurmser, S., et al., 1954, Ann. Eugenics 18, 183. 

 Furuhata, T., 1927, Japan Med. World 7, 197. 

 Kosyakov, P. N., 1954, Antigennye Veshchestva Organismu i ikh Znachenie v 



Biologii i Meditsine (Antigenic Substances of the Body and Their Significance 



in Biology and Medicine), Medgiz, Moscow. 

 Kosyakov, P. N., and G. P. Tribulev, 1939, J. Immunol. 37, 283. 

 Landsteiner, K., and A. S. Wiener, 1940, Proc. Sac. E.rptl. Biol. Med. 43, 223. 



