BEGINNINGS OF CO-OPERATION 53 



there are many men present in proportion to the 

 amount of alcohol, relatively little or no harm will 

 result from the experiment. If there are very few 

 men and much alcohol there may be garage bills and 

 other important repairs to be made. 



In one way or another similar tests have been car- 

 ried out in the laboratory with a variety of poisons, 

 and many kinds of animals. Again I choose from 

 the mass of available evidence the results of a simple 

 and clean-cut experiment to illustrate the same point 

 with non-human animals. 



Everyone is acquainted with goldfish; they are 

 hardy forms or else they would not be alive today 

 in so many goldfish bowls. Colloidal silver in its 

 commercial form of argyrol is also well known. Col- 

 loidal silver, that is, the finely divided and dispersed 

 suspension of metallic silver, is highly toxic to liv- 

 ing things, including even the hardy goldfish. 



In the experiment in our laboratory (8) we ex- 

 posed sets of ten goldfish in one liter of colloidal 

 silver, and at the same time placed sets of ten simi- 

 lar goldfish, one each, in a whole liter of the same 

 strength of the same suspension. This was repeated 

 until we had killed seven lots of ten goldfish and 

 their seventy accompanying but isolated fellows. 

 Then when the results were thrown together we had 

 the simple table on page 54. 



