l8o THE SOCIAL LIFE OF ANIMALS 



more revolts and these were more likely to be suc- 

 cessful. For example, in this flock of cockerels, the 

 four birds lettered in bold-faced type in Figure 40 

 showed reversals, and with some the social rank had 



BW pecks 9: W, BY, G, RY, B, BG, Y, R, GY. 



BR pecks 8: W, BY, G, RY, BG, Y, R BW. 



GY pecks 8: W, BY, G, RY, B, BG, Y, * BR. 



R pecks 7: W, BY, G, RY, B, BG, GY. 



Y pecks 6: W, BY, G, RY, BG, R. 



GB pecks 5: W, BY, G, RY, B. 



B pecks 4: W, G, RY, Y. 



RY pecks 3: W, BY, G. 



G pecks 2: W, BY. 



BY pecks 2: W, B. 



W pecks o. 



In this order there are six triangle situations as follows: 



GY R R GB B G 



/ \ /\ A /\ A /\ 



B^^ BR Y-e— GY Y-^ B Y^h- B BY^RV B-^BY 



Fig. 40. Cockerels also have a social organization which 

 is, however, somewhat more confused than with hens. 



not been finally determined even after seventy days 

 of observations. Thus BY was observed to peck G 

 on six occasions, while G pecked BY eight times. 

 Ideally, in work of this kind, the birds should be 

 kept under observation throughout their waking 

 hours in order that we may have the full history of 

 their behavior. Such prolonged watching is imprac- 

 ticable, particularly since during much of the day 

 there is little pecking. Actually, observations were 



