GROUP ORGANIZATION I99 



to the foremost position, taking their direction from 

 the whole flock. 



However the signal for turning, originates, the 

 wheeling takes place so rapidly that mythical ex- 

 planations are still being advanced. I have a small 

 book written on the subject by an English author, 

 called, Thought-transference (or What) in Birds? 

 (ill) The title correctly summarizes the contents of 

 the book. 



I would not have you conclude from my repeated 

 emphasis on the absence of definite leadership in 

 these flocks of birds, and on the presence of a 

 pseudo-leadership when the flock is really determin- 

 ing the direction that is taken by the bird in front, 

 that there is no real leadership among other animals 

 and among men. And I must make it clear that here 

 I am speaking of real leadership and not of a peck- 

 order, which, as is true with social position in human 

 society, does not imply leadership at all. Such a po- 

 sition could not be successfully maintained by a per- 

 son trained in science rather than in dialectics. But 

 apparently, at least among so-called lower animals, 

 the leader is frequently as dependent on his fol- 

 lowers as they are on him, and sometimes even more 

 so. A similar situation occurs in human affairs often 

 enough and under such a variety of situations that 

 the relationship deserves more careful consideration 



