HUMAN IMPLICATIONS 213 



over 90 per cent said that there is no proof that war 

 is an innate behavior pattern. (129) Less than 10 per 

 cent thought that war represents an instinctive re- 

 action. I did not personally see this questionnaire 

 but I am credibly informed that the question was 

 stated fairly and did not suggest the type of answer 

 expected. 



This is a rather unexpected unanimity, and may 

 be accounted for to a minor degree by the existence 

 of one modern school of psychologists that doubt 

 the possibility of instinctive action, particularly 

 among men. I do not think they represent a large 

 proportion of American psychologists but there may 

 have been enough of them to have lifted the per- 

 centage high. 



The opinion of the psychologists is supported by 

 the independent judgment of one of the leading 

 students of anthropology, Professor Malinow^ski, who 

 said in his Harvard tercentennial lecture: (78) "All 

 the wrangles as to the innate pacifism or aggressive- 

 ness of primitive man are based on the use of words 

 without definition. To label all brawling, squab- 

 bling, dealing of black eye or broken jaw, war^ as is 

 frequently done, simply leads to confusion. War can 

 be defined as the use of organized force between 

 two politically independent units, in the pursuit of 



