HUMAN IMPLICATIONS 243 



family to family, from city to city and even across 

 frontiers. 



These normal activities can be wiped out in a few 

 minutes by the exaggerated expression of the struggle 

 for existence which we call war, extended beyond 

 all biological justification and become, as Malinowski 

 has said, "nothing but an unmitigated disease of 

 civilization." (78) 



It is a disease of long standing which even under 

 most favorable conditions we must not expect to 

 see cured overnight; but the outlook is not without 

 hope. There seems to be no inherent biological rea- 

 son why man cannot learn to extend the principle of 

 co-operation as fully through the field of interna- 

 tional relations as he has already done in his more 

 personal affairs. In addition to the unconscious evo- 

 lutionary forces that play on man as well as on other 

 animals, he has to some extent the opportunity of 

 consciously directing his own social evolution. Un- 

 like ants or chickens or fishes, man is not bound 

 over to form castes or peck-orders or schools, or to 

 wait for a reshuffling of hereditary genes before he 

 can discontinue behavior which tends toward the 

 destruction of his species. 



