26o THE SOCIAL LIFE OF ANIMALS 



males do not fuse with the others. When danger ap- 

 pears during the rut, the stags make off and rejoin 

 the females when it is past. After a male is sexually 

 spent, frequently before the close of the breeding 

 season, he withdraws, and the spent males form stag 



Fig. 47. Castes of the common honey-bee; a, queen; b, 

 male (drone); c, worker. (After Phillips.) 



parties which are distinctly less social than the bands 

 of females. 



In commenting on the relative sociability of the 

 sexes among red deer, Darling says: (38) "Matriarchy 

 makes for gregariousness and family cohesion. The 

 patriarchal group (among deer) can never be large, 

 for however attentively the male may care for his 

 group he is never selfless. Sexual jealousy is always 

 ready to impinge on social relations leading to gre- 

 gariousness. ... I contend that the matriarchal sys- 

 tem in animal life, being selfless, is a move toward 

 the development of an ethical system." 



