414 



BIOLOGY OF THE PROTOZOA 



nucleus is accompanied by a blepharoplast, from which flagella 

 are developed, a parabasal body and an axial thread. Each such 

 group of cellular elements is a karyomastigont (Janicki) ; in some 

 groups the nucleus is lost but the kinetic complex remains, such 

 enucleate groups being akaryomastigonts. In all cases the axial 

 threads are united to form an axial strand which runs through to 

 the posterior end. Calonympha, Foa, and Stephanonympha, 

 Janicki, are compound individuals of karyomastigonts alone, or of 

 karyomastigonts and akaryomastigonts which are massed at the 

 anterior end of the cell and spirally arranged in Stephanonympha 



Fig. 175. — Stephanonympha sylvestri; with many nuclei, kinetic groups, and flagella. 

 Rhizoplasts unite to form the inner axial strand. (After Janicki.) 



(Fig. 175). Proboscidiella, Kofoid and Swezy, is likewise multi- 

 nucleate but differs in having a protrusible proboscis. 



A large group of monozoic parasitic forms with from 4 to many 

 flagella leads into the highly complicated hypermastigotc flagellates. 

 Parabasal bodies, axostyles and axial strands may be single or 

 multiple in the cell. Polymastix, Biitschli, has 4 flagella and an 

 axostyle; Ilexamastix, Alexeieff (1912). has ('»; and there are 6 or 

 more also in Cochlosoma, Kotlan (1932). Oxymonas, Kofoid and 

 Swezy, has 6 flagella and, like Proboscidiella, bears a protrusible 

 proboscis. The 2 genera Pyrsonympha, Leidy, and Pinenympha, 



