MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF THE MASTIGOPHORA 415 



Leidy, agree in that all of the flagella arise at the anterior end and, 

 like the trailing flagellum of Tricereomitus, adhere to the body to 

 form short free whips at the posterior end. The attached flagella 

 in some species form conspicuous spiral ribs down the body, and 

 these in some cases give an appearance of undulating membranes. 

 Axostyles are present which end freely in the endoplasm of 

 Pyrsonympha, but are attached at the 

 posterior end in Dinenympha (Fig. 176). 

 There is little doubt that the Hypermas- 

 tigida are the most highly differentiated of 

 all flagellate types. The differentiations, 

 however, have to do solely with the com- 

 plications of the kinetic elements or neuro- 

 motor system, for the nucleus is invariably 

 single. The group embraces only 1 genus— 

 Lophomonas (intestinal parasites of cock- 

 roaches) which is not found in termites. 

 Blepharoplasts and basal bodies are num- 

 erous while axial threads and so-called para- 

 basal bodies form variously complicated 

 internal structures. In the majority of 

 species the flagella are grouped at the 

 anterior end. Here they form a single 

 group or tuft of flagella in Lophomonas 

 (Fig. 105, p. 211) ; a spirally arranged group 

 of similar tufts (loricula) in Kofoidea, Light. 

 In Joenia, Grassi, the anterior flagella are 

 separated in two groups, one of which 

 forms an anteriorly-directed tuft, the re- 

 mainder, like trailing flagella, forming a 

 flagellar mantle about the body. A more 

 or less similar anterior grouping of flagella 

 is characteristic of Staurojoenia, Grassi, 

 Parajoenia, Janicki, Joenopsis, Cutler, 

 Joenina, Grassi, Gynmonympha, Dobell, 

 and Leidyonella, Frenzel. In Hoplonym- 



pha, Light, they are arranged in two oppositely-directed tufts. 

 They are arranged in longitudinal rows, extending part way down 

 the body in Microjoenia, Grassi, and in Leidyopsis, Kofoid and 

 Swezy, and in spirally-wound rows from end to end in Holomas- 

 tigotoides, Grassi, Spirotrichonympha, Grassi, and Microspironym- 

 pha, Koidzumi. In Pseudotrichonympha, Hartmann, a covering of 

 flagella clothes the entire body, the flagella increasing slightly in 

 length toward the posterior end. This dissimilarity of flagella is 

 emphasized in Trichonympha, Leidy, where the flagella cover only 

 one-half to two-thirds of the body. The shorter, anterior flagella 



Fig. 170. — Dinenympha 

 fimbriata — network of Golgi 

 apparatus at posterior end. 

 (After Brown, Arch. f. Pro- 

 tistenkunde; courtesy of G. 

 Fischer.) 



