246 



DRY AND MESOPHYTIC FOREST COMMUNITIES 



First stage: Tree freshly fallen (Fig. 246). Only forms recorded are 

 the apple-tree engraver beetle (Pterocyclon mali Fitch) (Fig. 247) which 

 makes galleries in the solid wood. 



Succession in the Beech Log 



Fig. 246. — The freshly fallen beech. 



Fig. 247. — The first borer to enter the fallen tree {Pterocyclon mali Fitch); 

 greatly enlarged (from Lugger after U.S. Dept. Agr.). 



Fig. 248. — The partially decayed beech. 



Fig. 249. — Closer view of the same showing the burrows of the different wood- 

 boring larvae in the softened wood. 



Fig. 250. — Shows the last stage in the decay of the beech. 



