3 6 4 



ANIMAL COMMUNITIES 



Rail: king, 171; sora, 171; Virginia, 171. 

 Rapids: communities of intermittent, 



87; formation of, 94-99. 

 Rattlesnake, 167. 

 Reactions: defined, 26; positive and 



negative, 26; to current, 34, 9 1 , 95, 



101, 106, 107. 

 Red-legged locust, 266. 

 Redstart, 274, 275. 

 Regulation in behavior, 29. 

 Rejuvenation of streams, 108. 

 Relations of communities, 308-15. 

 Reptiles: economic value of, 10, 21; in 



timber and prairie, 15. 

 Reptiles, scientific names: 

 ■ — Cnemidophorus 6-lineatus, 227, 252. 

 ■ — Coluber constrictor, 255. 

 — Crotalus durissus, 237. 

 — Heterodon platirhinos, 255. 

 — Liopeltis vernalis, 289, 299. 

 — Sistrurus catenatus, 204, 289. 

 — Thamnophis, 150: 



radix, 283, 288, 296. 

 — Tropidonotus grahamii, 283. 

 Responses, to day and night, to weather, 



to seasonal changes, 31. 

 Rheotaxis: Allee on, 327; Lyon on, 101; 



of fishes, 34, 91, 92, 95, 101 ; of isopods, 



92; of mollusks, 106, 107; of stream 



animals, 91, 101. 

 Rivers, drowned and sluggish, 102, 103. 

 Roadsides, 13, 275. 

 Rotifers: 65; diurnal migration of, 77; 



of Lake Michigan, 75-77; sessile, 131. 

 Rotifers, scientific names: 

 ■ — Dinocharis tekactis, 84. 

 — Notops:^ 



pelagicus, 76. 

 pygmaeus, 77. 

 ■ — Rotifer elongatus, 84. 

 Roundworms, in Lake Michigan, 77. 



Salamanders: four-toed, 237; spotted, 

 149, 278, 282, 296; sticky, 181, 183, 

 207; red-backed, 197, 243, 255. 



Sandpiper, spotted, 180, 181. 



Scorpion- flies, 202. 



Scorpion- flies, scientific names: 



— Bittacus, 202: 

 strigosus, 208. 



— Panorpa, 40, 191 : 

 venosa, 200, 208. 



Seasons: Relation of animals to, 31; 

 succession with, 36, 278; quantity of 

 plankton in, 67. 



Sediment, in water, relation to light pene- 

 tration, 63. 

 Seeds, as animal food, 167. 

 Segregation of species, vertical in Lake 



Michigan, 82. 

 Seines, illegal, 57. 

 Selection of habitat: 300-305; law of 



toleration in, 302-5. 

 Sessile animals, food of: 97; in sea, 309; 



motile animals compared with, 309. 

 Sewage, effect of: upon stream animals, 



17; upon oxygen content, 17; upon 



plankton, 17. 

 Sheepshead, 85. 

 Shiner: 79, 84; common, 115, 119, 120, 



140; golden, 65, 102, 115, 119, 120, 142, 



143, 156. 

 Shore-bugs, 180. 

 Shores, sandy: of large lakes, 78; of 



small lakes, 125, 126. 

 Shrew: common, 189, 191, 196, 201, 262, 



269, 274; short-tailed, 201. 

 Shrike, loggerhead, 275. 

 Shrimps, scientific names: 

 — Eubranchipus, 177, 178, 179, 278: 



serratus, 185, 279. 

 — Palaemonetes paludosus, 126, 130, 135, 



152. 

 Silversides, 85, 130, 135. 

 Skunk, 12, 15, 169, 199, 262, 274. 

 Slug caterpillar, 233. 

 Slugs, scientific names: 

 — Agriolimax campestris, 199, 200, 202, 



205, 236. 

 — Pallifera dor salts, 256. 

 — Philomycus Caroline nsis, 206, 215, 240, 



241, 243, 247, 253, 254. 

 Smeared dagger-moth, larva of, 190. 

 Snails: aquatic, 90; in lakes, 130; reac- 

 tions of, to light, 29; reactions of, to 



water current, 34. 

 Snails, aquatic, scientific names: 

 — Amnicola, 80, 148: 



cincinnatiensis, 117, 154. 

 emarginata, 83. 



limosa, 83, 99, 117, 121, 145, 146, 154. 

 limosa parva, 154. 

 limosa porata, 83. 

 lustrica, 83. 

 walkeri, 84. 

 — Ancylus, 130: 

 fuscus, 135. 

 rivularis, 121. 

 tardus, 121. 

 — Aplexa hypnorum, 192. 



