SPECIAL MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF SPOROZOA 445 



6. Genus Babesia, Starcovici, 1893. 



(a) Babesia s. str. Parasites of dogs, cattle (Smith and Kilbourne 

 (1893), et al), sheep (Babes, 1888, Starcovici, 1893), horses 

 (Laveran, 1901), rats (Fantham, 1906), and monkeys (P. H. 

 Ross, 1905). 



(6) Babesia {Theileria, Theiler, 1910). Comma- or rod-shape forms in 

 the red blood corpuscles of cattle in Africa. Very small (3 m 

 long by ^yu wide) with nucleus in the form of a homogeneous 

 granule of chromatin at one end of the rod. Young forms intro- 

 duced bj' bite of the tick (species of the genus Rhipicephalus) 

 develop, not m the peripheral blood but in the inner organs, 

 particularly the spleen and IjTnph glands. Here they undergo 

 multiple reproduction. According to Gonder (1906) gametocytes 

 are formed in the peripheral blood and fertilization occurs in the 

 body of the tick. The zygote then develops as in Plasmodium. 



(c) Babesia {Anaplasma, Theiler, 1910). Very minute corpuscular 



parasites of cattle and dogs, \ii'va. diameter occupying a position 

 near the periphery of the corpuscle. Tick transmission. 



(d) Babesia {Nuttalia, Laveran, 1899). Minute spherical pyriform or 



rod-shape parasites of the red blood corpuscles of horses, mules, 

 donkeys and zebras in various parts of the world. 



All of these above forms agree in causing serious epidemics in 

 domesticated animals, usually taking the form of hsemoglobinuria 

 or red-water, with marked fever. 



(e) Babesia (Toxoplasma, Nicolle and Manceaux, 1908). A somewhat 



different type of organism found in the leukocytes and cells of 

 the spleen, liver, kidney, lungs, etc., of rodents, rabbits and dogs: 

 oval, spherical or reniform in shape, multiplication by longitu- 

 dinal division in cells. Franga (1917) created a special family for 

 these parasites under the name of ToxoplasmidcB. 

 Still more uncertain in systematic position are the following, some of 

 which are regarded as Protozoa largely because they cannot be placed 

 elsewhere. 



Genus Bartonella, Tyzzer, Brues, Sellard and Gastiaburu (1915). 

 Coccus or rod forms of parasite in red blood corpuscles, endothelial 

 cells of lymph glands and spleen of man causing Oroya fever in 

 Peru. The spherical bodies appear to be agamonts containing 

 granules and break up into as many rod-shape bodies as there are 

 granules which are supposed to invade other corpuscles. Trans- 

 mission unknown. 

 Genus Rickettsia, Rocha-Lima (1916). JMmute rod-like bodies found 

 in man and transmitted by body lice. Regarded as the cause of 

 trench fever {R. pediculi) and of typhus fever {R. prowazeki). 

 Genus Dermacentroxenus, Wolbach (1919). The cause of Rocky 

 Mountain spotted fever. Transmitted from ground squirrels by 

 ticks of the genus Dermacentor. 



Class II. NEOSPORIDIA, Schaudinn. 



Some authorities (Hartmann, et ah) regard the Neosporidia as 

 an independent stem of the Protozoa with close affinities to the 

 Rhizopoda with which they certainly have man\- common char- 

 acteristics. They are amoeboid and, in the adult stage usually 

 multinucleated. Encapsulated sporoblasts and general mode of life 

 as parasites show some resemblance to the Telosporidia but the 



