Vni PREFACE 



Pliny, their use as food, interesting facts concerning their mode of Hfe 

 and their habits, and other matters of general interest, including a 

 classification of the Echinoidea mentioned in this monograph. The 

 second part is devoted to the normal development of the Arbacia punctu- 

 lata egg from fertilization through metamorphosis, with original photo- 

 graphs of the different stages. The third part is concerned with centri- 

 fuging, a subject which has particularly interested the author. The 

 fourth part is a compilation of all other experimental work in which 

 Arbacia eggs and sperm have been used since the pioneer work of 

 Jacques Loeb in 1892 until 1954. This is arranged alphabetically 

 according to subjects. The results of all investigators are given without 

 any attempt to evaluate them. Together with the references to Arbacia 

 there are given with each topic a few important references to other 

 species. There is an extensive bibliography with complete titles. The 

 illustrations are mostly original photographs by the author. 



Many subjects have been treated in the compilation, and many of 

 my co-workers at Woods Hole and Princeton and others elsewhere 

 have been consulted on subjects most familiar to them. I take this 

 opportunity to thank most heartily all who have helped me by sup- 

 plying information and by reading parts of the manuscript. Among 

 these are: E. G. Ball, E. S. G. Barron, H. F. Blum, E. G. Butler, A. D. 

 Chiquoine, the late H. L. Clark, G. H. A. Clowes, K. S. Cole, K. Dan, 

 L. V. Heilbrunn, B. F. Howell, the late A. C. Johnson, L. H. Klein- 

 holz, M. E. Krahl, G. G. Lower, the late B. Lucke, D. A. Marsland, 

 D. Mazia, A. Monroy, A. R. Moore, I. Motomura, A. K. Parpart, 

 J. S. Rankin Jr., S. Ranzi, J. Runnstrom, the late D'Arcy Thompson, 

 A.Tyler, and C. A. Villee. My sister, Dr. Mary N. Browne, a classical 

 scholar, has been most helpful with the section on history. 



I wish especially to thank my husband, E. Newton Harvey, who has 

 been frequently consulted and has rendered invaluable assistance con- 

 cerning topics of which he has expert knowledge. 



May 1955 Ethel Browne Harvey 



Princeton, N. J. 



