l62 ALPHABETICAL COMPILATION 



"I will not commit myself definitely to the statement that in case of a partial lack 

 of oxygen a transitory acceleration of cleavage occurs" (Loeb, 1905, p. 403). 



pH. — Acceleration at pH 8.2 to 9.2, maximum at 8.8. Delay above pH 9.4 and 

 below 6.0. (Smith and Clowes, 1924c, d). 



Pilocarpine. — In low concentrations accelerates development, in high concentra- 

 tions delays (Mathews, 1901a; Sollman, 1904a). See Balzer and Villee (1951) and 

 Villee and Villee (1952). For Dendraster excentricus see Rulon (1941 b). 



Radium.— Alpha, rays accelerate cleavage, beta rays delay (Packard, 19 15, 19 16). 



CLEAVAGE, DELAY OR ARREST 



Acetyl choline. — Delay in high concentrations, acceleration in low concentrations 

 (Balzer and Villee, 1951 ; Villee and Villee, 1952). 



Acid. — Delay (Loeb, 1898, 1913a, p. 35; Glaser, 1914b; Medes, 191 7). Retarded 

 below pH 6.0 (Smith and Clowes, 1924c). For Echinus esculentus see B. Moore, Roaf, 

 and Whitley (1905). 



Ageing. — (Goldforb, 1918a, b; Smith and Clowes, 1924b). No delay if kept, for 

 at least six hours (Fry, 1936). 



Alanin. — (King, 191 2). 



Alcohols. — Delay except in very weak concentrations (Blumenthal, 1928; Water- 

 man, 1936. See below under Anaesthetics. 



Alkali. — Acceleration in weak concentrations (Loeb, 1898, 1913 a, p. 35; Glaser, 

 1914b; Medes, 191 7). Delay above pH 9.4 (Smith and Clowes, 1924c). For Echinus 

 esculentus see B. Moore, Roaf, and Whitley (1905). 



Ammonium chloride. — (Kopac, 1948 b). 



Anaerobiosis . — See below under Oxygen-Lack. 



Anaesthetics. — For anaesthetic and lethal doses of common anaesthetics see Table 

 13 (from R. S. Lillie, 1914b), Table 15 (from Heilbrunn, 1928, p. 206) ; for urethanes 

 see Table 14 (E. B. Harvey per E. N. Harvey, 1932 a). See below Barbiturates, Ben- 

 zoates, Dithiocarbamates, Urethanes. See also Anaesthetics (Separate topic). 



Antibiotics. — Penicillin, aspergillus, etc. (Cornman, 1949); actinomycin, aureo- 

 thrycin, etc. (Miura, 1953). 



Ascorbic Acid. — Or vitamin C (Shapiro, 1948 c). 



Asparagine. — Development slow, cleavage normal (King, 191 2). 



Aspartic acid. — King, 1 9 1 2 ) . 



Aspergillus Filtrates. — Antibiotic (Cornman, 1949). 



Atropin. — (Mathews, 1901a; Sollman, 1904a; Villee and Villee, 1952). 



Azide. — Complete and reversible inhibition of cleavage, and respiration inhibited 

 by 50 % at 5 X io~^ M (Krahl, 1950, p. 195); also Krahl, Keltch Neubeck, and 

 Clowes ( 1 94 1 ) ; Fisher, Henry, and Low ( 1 944) . For Dendraster excentricus see Rulon 

 (1950a). 



Barbiturates. — Or barbituric acid derivatives (Clowes and Krahl, 1940; Clowes, 

 Keltch, and Krahl, 1940; Krahl, 1950, p. 200 and his Table VI). 



Benzoates. — And other local anaesthetics (Clowes and Krahl, 1940; Krahl, 

 Keltch, and Clowes, 1940a; Krahl, 1950, p. 200 and his Table VII). 



Bile Salts. — (Genther and Schmidt, 193 1). 



Brilliant Cresyl Blue. — (Shapiro, 1948 a). 



Caffeine.— {Cheney, 1945, 1948). 



Calcium. — Added to sea water delays cleavage, calcium-free sea water accelerates 



(Shapiro, 1941). 



Carbamates. — See Urethanes. 



Carbon Dioxide. ^Clowes and Smith, 1923; Smith and Clowes, 1924a; Haywood, 

 1927; Haywood and Root, 1930, 1932; Allee and Evans, 1937 b; Allee, Finkel, et al., 

 1942). 



