164 ALPHABETICAL COMPILATION 



Heavy Water. — Deuterium oxide. Delay (Lucke and E. N. Harvey, 1935). 



Heparin. — And heparin-like substances (Gagnon, 1950; Heilbrunn and Kelly, 

 1950; C. V. Harding, 1951). 



Hydrogen Ion Concentration. — See acid, alkali, pH. 



Hypertonic Sea Water. — Loeb, 1892, 1904; Norman, 1896; Mathews, 1905; Medes, 

 191 7; R. S. Lillie, 1918b; Heilbrunn, 1920a; Churney, 1940). 



Hypotonic Sea Water. — (Medes, 191 7; Heilbrunn, 1920 a, b; Just, 1929 b; Churney, 

 1940). Retardation in 84% sea water or less, acceleration if slightly hypotonic, 94 

 to 98 % (Cornman, 1943). 



lodoacetate. — lodoacetic acid. Runnstrom (1935 c) used 0.03 M iodoacetate for re- 

 tarding development. See also Waterman (1938, 1941); Needham and Needham 

 (1940) ; Clowes and Krahl (1940) ; Krahl and Clowes (1940) ; Krahl (1950, p. 199). 

 For P. lividus, Ps. microtuberculatus , Ps. miliaris see Tchakotine ( 1 938) ; for Dendraster 

 excentricus see Pease (1941). 



Janus Green B. — (R. D. Allen, 1950). 



Leucin. — (Mathews, 1909). Delay and pecularities, of later development. (King, 

 1912). 



Leucotaxine. — (Menkin, 1940). 



Local Anaesthetics. — See above under Benzoates. 



Malonic Acid. — Delay (Rulon, 1948). Krahl and Clowes (1940) found no effect 

 with concentrations used. Malonate inhibition reversed by adenosine triphosphate, 

 ATP (Barnett, 1953). For Dendraster excentricus see Pease (1941); Rulon (1951). 



Malononitrile. — (Villee, Lowens, et al., 1949). 



Mercuric Chloride. — 1/625,000 HgClg in sea water prevents cleavage, 1/125,000 

 prevents fertilization (F. R. Lillie, 1921b; also Hoadley, 1923, 1930; Waterman, 

 1937; Barron and Seki, 1952). Cf. Copper chloride above. For Paracentrotus lividus 

 see Rapkine (1931). 



Metal Salts (Heavy). — For copper and mercury, see above. For effect of other heavy 

 metal salts on cleavage and development, see Hoadley (1923) ; Waterman (1937). 

 Metal Salts (Alkali and Alkaline Earth) . — Toxic effects, Li > Na > Mg or Ca > K > 

 Rb > Cs (Page, 1929b). See under Calcium, Lithium, Magnesium, Potassium, 

 Sodium, 



Methylene Blue. — Cleavage delayed in 5 x io~* %, accelerated in 5 x lO"* % (M. 

 M. Brooks, 1933, 1943). Delay (Clowes and Krahl, 19.36a; Krahl, 1950, Tables 

 Vni and IX; Shapiro, 1948a). Waterman (1938, 1941) finds delay except possibly 

 in very weak concentrations. For effect on development oi Dendraster excentricus and 

 S. purpuratus, see Child (1950 b). See under Acceleration. 



Morphine. — No effect with 2 X lO"^ M (Krahl, 1950, p. 206). 



Napthoquinones. — (Anfinsen, 1947). See Krahl (1950, p. 199). 



Necrosin. — (Menkin and Pirovane, 1949). 



Neutral Red. — (Clowes and Krahl, 1936a; Krahl, 1950, Table VHI). 



Nitrogen Mustards. — Delay at prophase (E. B. Harvey and Cannan, 1943, unpub. 

 except as a confidential report of a war project, see Oilman, and Phillips 1946; E. B. 

 Harvey, 1946a). Delay (Barron, Seegmiller, Mendes, and Narahara, 1948; Hut- 

 chens and Podolsky, 1948; Villee, Lowens, et al., 1949; Cornman, i95od; Krahl, 

 1950, p. 205). For A. lixula and Sphaerechinus granularis, see Tau and de Nicola (1949). 



Nitrophenols and Nitrocresols. — See Phenols. 



Nitrous Oxide. — Delay under pressure of 2.3 atmospheres. No delay with nitrogen 

 or helium even under pressure of 61 atmospheres (Haywood, 1953). 



Osmotic Pressure. — Pressure less than 13.2 atmospheres or greater than 28.7 pre- 

 vents cleavage (Churney, 1940). 



Oxygen-lack or Low Oxygen Tension. — See topic Oxygen-Lack and Low Oxygen Ten- 

 sion. Cleavage retarded at 11 mm. Hg; arrested below 4 mm. Hg. (Amberson, 

 1928). Slight lack of oxygen may possibly accelerate cleavage (Loeb, 1895, 1905 



