lyS ALPHABETICAL COMPILATION 



5. Oxidizing enzymes and coenzymes 



Cytochrome oxidase. See Cytochrome and Cytochrome Oxidase. 



Catalase. Greater amount following fertilization; more in sperm than in eggs, 

 observation of A. P. Mathews (Lyon, 1909). Not more after fertilization, but 

 respiration 4-6 times greater (Amberg and Winternitz, 191 1). Present in matrix 

 not in granules in Ps. miliaris (Holter, 1949). Present in sperm (Evans, 1947; 

 Barron, Gasvoda and Flood, 1949). 



Dehydrogenases (Korr, 1937; Ballentine, 1940b, in half-eggs, 1940c). Succinic 

 dehydrogenase present in sperm not in eggs (Ball and Meyerhoff, 1940). Does 

 not appear in eggs even after 24 hours (Goldinger and Barron, 1946). 



Flavin-adenine-dinucleotide, FAD, coenzyme (Krahl, Keltch and Clowes, 

 1940 b; Krahl, 1950, p. 183). 



Diphosphopyridine nucleotide, DPN, coenzyme (Jahndorf and Krahl, 1942; 

 Krahl, 1950, p. 183). 



Diphosphothiamine (cocarboxylase) , coenzyme (Krahl, Jahndorf, and Clowes, 

 1942; Goldinger and Barron, 1946; Krahl, 1950, p. 184). 



Enzymes for oxidative phosphorylation (Clowes, 1951; Clowes, Keltch, Stritt- 

 matter, and Walters, 1950; Clowes, Keltch, and Walters, 1951a, b; Keltch, 

 Smythe, and Clowes 1951; Keltch, Strittmatter, Walters, and Clowes; 1950, 

 Strittmatter, Keltch, Walters, and Clowes, 1950); Krahl's Review, 1950, pp. 

 184, 198). 



6. Transferases 



Hexokinase, in homogenates of eggs and embryos (Krahl, Keltch, Walters, and 

 Clowes, 1953). 



Other Species (additional) and General References 



Barron, 1952 a. General. 



Bohus-Jensen, 1950. P. lividus, Sphaerechinus granulans, ficin, trypsin. 



Bohus-Jensen, 1953. Lytechinus variegatus, Mellita sexiesperforata, Echinometra lucunter, trypsin 



on cross fertilization. 

 Cleland and Rothschild, 1952 a, b. E. esculentus, glycolytic. 



Deutsch and Gustafson, 1952. Ps. miliaris, decrease of catalase during development. 

 Doyle, 1938. Ps. miliaris, peptidase and catalase. 



Gustafson and Hasselberg, 1 950, 1 95 1 . Ps. miliaris, P. lividus etc., enzymes on developing eggs. 

 Holter, 1949. General. 



Holter and Lindahl, 1941. P. lividus, peptidase. 

 Holter and Linderstrom-Lang, 1940. General. 

 Krahl, 1950. Review. 

 Linderstrom-Lang, 1939. General. 



Lundblad, 1950. A. lixula, P. lividus, proteolytic enzyme. 

 Mazia, 1952. General on nucleus. 

 A. R. Moore, 1951a. Dendraster excentricus, trypsin. 

 Rothschild, 1950b, c. Echinus esculentus, catalase in sperm and eggs. 

 Rothschild, 1951a, 1952. Review of sperm. 

 Runnstrom, 1949a, b, c; 1950-1 951. General. 



FERTILIZATION MEMBRANE 



Definition. — The fertilization membrane is the membrane normally formed after 

 fertilization or activation by a parthenogenetic agent. Its precursor is the vitelline 

 membrane. 



Historical. — The fertilization membrane was first described by Derbes in 1847 in 

 Echinus esculentus, and later by Fol (1877) in Asterias glacialis. 



Origin. — Many of the older investigators believed it arose from the preexisting 



