l88 ALPHABETICAL COMPILATION 



presence of fertilizin in jelly of immature eggs of other species see Vasseur (1952, 

 p. 26). Tyler (1941 b) considers fertilizin identical with jelly in other species {S. pur- 

 puratus) ; also Runnstrom (1952 a, p. 45). 



Fertilization. — Aided by jelly (F. R. Lillie, 19 14; Tyler, 1941b for S. purpuratus). 



Takes up Chlorine. — From sea water (Glaser, 1922 b); takes up copper (Glaser, 

 1923). Takes up calcium (radioactive) (Rudenberg, 1952). 



CaCl2. — Makes it sticky (Page, 1929b). 



Is Precipitated. — By cytoplasmic fraction from frozen eggs (antifertilizin) (Monroy 

 and Runnstrom, 1952), previously shown for S. purpuratus by Tyler (1940a). 



Chemistry of Jelly. — Jelly is a hyaline proteid dissolving in ^ea water; mucin 

 (McClendon, 1909a, 1912b). For other species, Vasseur (1948a) gives about 20% 

 protein and 80 % polysaccharide esterified with sulphuric acid ; the composition 

 varies in different species. Tyler (1949 c) gives for the composition of fertilizin 

 (jelly) o{ S. purpuratus approximately equivalent amounts of amino acids (> 20%), 

 reducing sugar ( > 25 %) and sulphate (23 %). 



Coalescence with Oil Drops. — Inhibited (Kopac, 1940 a). 



Stdins. — With Janus green, Janus dark blue B, saffranin O, thionin, toluidin blue 

 (E. B. Harvey, 1941c). According to McClendon (1914a) it stains with methylene 

 blue and neutral red. Stains with acridine orange, but this is very toxic. Table 8. 



Can Be Removed. — By washing and agitation (McClendon, 1914a; F. R. Lillie, 

 19 14; E. N. Harvey, 19 14; R. S. Lillie, 191 7; et al.). Straining through bolting silk 

 (Just, 1928a, 1939a; Shapiro, 1 935 c ; ^^ a/.). Fine pipette. Acid; 1.4 cc. N/ 10 HCl + 

 50 cc. sea water (F. R. Lillie, 1915a; ^< al.). I use one drop N/io HCl, from a medium 

 pipette, to 50 cc. sea water, then wash well (E. B. Harvey, 1941 c). Alkali (McClen- 

 don, 1909b; Barth, 1929). Calcium-free sea water (E. B. H.). NaCl, isosmotic 

 (0.54 M) (R. S. Lillie, 1921; Kopac, 1940a). KCl, isosmotic (0.53 M) (E. B. H. 

 unpub.; Page, 1929b). NaCl + CaClj 17 : i (R. S. Lillie, 1921). NH^Cl (Kopac 

 1948 a). 



It is also removed by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and papain, in other species 

 (Tyler, 1940 b in S. purpuratus ; Runnstrom, Tiselius, and Vasseur, 1942, and Min- 

 ganti, 1953, in Ps. miliaris). Centrifuging (McClendon, 1914a; Shapiro, 1935c; 

 E. B. Harvey, 1941 c) ; this is variable and not reliable. X-rays (E. B. Harvey, 1941 c; 

 Evans, Beams, and Smith, 1941). Ultraviolet light (E. B. H., 1950 unpub.) ; in Para- 

 centrotus lividus (Tchakotine, 1921 a). For centrifuging see Plate XVI, Photograph 4. 



Other Species (additional) and General References 



Hobson, 1927. E. esculentus, Ps. miliaris. 

 Monne, 1944a. Ps. miliaris, birefringence. 

 Motomura, 1950 b. S. pulcherrimus . 

 Runnstrom, 1949a. Review. 



Runnstrom, 1952 a. Review in Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. VI. 

 Tyler, 1948. Review. 



Vasseur (et al.). Many papers summarized in independent publication printed by Kihl- 

 stroms Tryckeri, 1952; most of these are listed by Runnstrom 1952 a. 



LEUCOCYTES 



See Amoebocytes, Perivisceral Fluid 



Occurrence. — In perivisceral fluid, together with amoebocytes (Geddes, 1880; Cuenot, 

 1891a in other species; Kindred, 1921, 1926; H. V. Wilson, 1924; Donnellon, 1938 

 in A. punctulatd). Two kinds distinguished by Liebman (1950), phagocytes and tre- 

 phocytes. 



