196 ALPHABETIC AL COMPILATION 



Parpart (1941) found no decrease in bound lipid). 



Effect ofCaCl^- — On oil cap, agglutination; of NaCl and KCl, dispersion (Cham- 

 bers, 1938 a). 



Coalescence. — Of oil globules of centrifuged egg into a single mass by heat or 

 formalin then compression (Chambers, i93Sa). Coalesce ice of egg with oil drops on 

 the surface and interfacial tension of oil-protoplasm and oil-water (Chambers, 

 1935b, 1936, 1937a, 1938b; Chambers and Kopac, 1937a; Kopac, 1938, 1939a, 

 b; 1940a, b, 194.3, 1944, 1948a, 1950; Kopac and Chambers, 1937, 1938). 



Other Species 



Chambers and Kopac, 1937 c, Lytechinus variegatiis, Echinometra lucunter, coalescence of oil 



drops. 

 Tennent, Gardiner, and Smith, 1931. Echinomttra lucunter, staining of oil. 



OSMOTIC PRESSURE 



Freezing Point Depression. A, of a gram molecular solution of a nonelectrolyte = i .86°C. 

 and corresponds to an osmotic pressure of 22.4 atmospheres at o ^C. Since osmotic 

 pressure varies directly with the freezing point depression, 22.4/1.86 (or 12) X A 

 gives the osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure of sea water at Woods Hole is 21.7 

 atmospheres at o °C. (Chemical room, M. B. L.). According to Carrey (19 15) it is 

 21.9 atmospheres. Osmotic pressure of eggs is same as sea water. 



Freezing point depression, A, of sea water in different localities in — °C. : 

 Beaufort, N. C. — 2.04 (Carrey, 1915) 



Naples, Italy — 2.29 (Botazzi, 1897) 



— 2.2-2.3 (E. B. Harvey, 1933 a) 



— 2.2-2.43 (D'Amora, 1937) 



New York (old aquarium) — 1.85 (W. H. Cole, 1940, per H. W. Smith) 



Pacific Grove, Cal. — '-905 (Carrey, 1905, 1915) 



Salisbury Cove, Me. — 1-759 (W- H. Cole, 1940) 



Tortugas, Florida — 2.03 (McClendon, 1910b) 



Woods Hole, Mass. — 1.805 (Carrey, 1905; Chemical room, M. B. L.) 



Osmotic pressure calculated for a molecular solution does not always equal osmotic 



pressure as ascertained by measuring volume changes of the eggs, e.g., sugar, CaClj 



(Loeb, 1913a, p. 130; Heilbrunn, 1952, p. 127). 



Salt Solutions. — Isomotic with the sea water and eggs at Woods Hole (salinity 3 1 , 



A 1.805 °C1.). Solutions used in Chemical room of M. B. L. : (Kindness of G. M. 



Cavanaugh). 



NaCl 0.52 M LiCl 0.60 M 



KCl 0.53 M CsCl 0.53 M 



CaClj 0.30 M RbCl 0.58 M 



MgClj 0.30 M NaBr 0.53 M 



MgS04 0.81 M? Na2HP04 0.40 M 



NH4CI 0.53 M (Heilbrunn) Na2S04 0.53 M 



Cane Sugar Solution. — Isosmotic with the eggs at Woods Hole, as ascertained by 

 swelling and shrinking: 0.85 M (E. B. H.). Loeb (1913a, p. 130) gives 0.75 M and 

 Carrey (19 15) gives 0.73 M. For centrifuging use | isosmotic sugar solution to \ eggs 

 in sea water. See Part HI, Centrifuging. Cane sugar solution isosmotic with eggs in 

 sea water at Naples is i.o molar (E. B. Harvey, 1933a). 



Dextrose Solution. — Isosmotic with Woods Hole sea water is 0.95 molal (Lucke, 



1931)- 



Cleavage. — Is arrested if osmotic pressure is less than 13.2 atmospheres or more 

 than 28.7 (Churney, 1940). 



