204 ALPHABETICAL COMPILATION 



I [i^ of surface in i minute with a concentration difference between exterior and 

 interior of I mole per liter (Jacobs and Stewart, 1932). For additional methods of 

 study see Jacobs, 1933a, b, c. Values of k: ethylene glycol, 3.6 x lO"**; acetamid, 

 5.8 X io~^^; propionamid, 14.2 X io~^^; butyramid, 36.6 X io~i^; glycerol, 05 X 

 io~^^ (Stewart and Jacobs, 1932a). For large effect of temperature, see Stewart and 

 Jacobs, 1932b. At 21.5-23 °C. k for diethylene glycol, 2.6 X io~^*; ethylene glycol 

 4.4 X io~^*; propylene glycol 7.7 x io~^* (Stewart and Jacobs, 1936). Ethylene 

 glycol k at 24" by diffraction method, 4.0 x lO""^^ (Lucke, Larrabee, and Hartline, 

 1935) ; See also Stewart, 1931 a and Lucke, Hartline, and Ricca, 1939. No effect of 

 lack of oxygen on penetration of ethylene glycol (Hunter, 1936). 



4. Penetration of ammonium salts. Salts of strong acids do not penetrate while 

 salts of weak acids penetrate due to entrance of undissociated acid and ammonia 

 (Stewart, 193 1 b, Jacobs and Stewart, 1936). 



5. Penetration of fatty acids and their salts. Deduced from effect on viscosity 

 (Howard, 193 1). See also Hydrogen Ion. 



6. Penetration of various agents active in suppressing cleavage and other egg 

 activities, see Krahl review, 1950, pp. 189-192. 



7. Penetration of ions. Potassium (Shapiro and Davson, 1941). Radioactive phos- 

 phate (Na2HP04) ; P*^ absorption is connected with cell activity, 40 times greater 

 in fertilized egg (Abelson, 1947, 1948). 



8. Penetration of dyes. See Vital Dyes. 

 g. Factors affecting permeability. 

 Age. Increase (Goldforb, 1935 c). 



Anaesthetics and narcotics. For general statements see R. S. Lillie, 191 2, 1914a, b, 

 1916c, 19 1 7, 1918a, b, and Heilbrunn, 1925c. Urethanes, decrease in isotonic glu- 

 cose, no change in sea water (Lucke and McCutcheon, 1926a, 1932, Lucke, 1931). 

 See Anaesthetics. 



Caffeine. No effect (Cheney, 1948). 



Carcinogens. Choleic acids of lo-methyl benzanthrene, 20-methylcholanthrene, 

 I, 2, 5, 6 dibenzanthrene do not affect k for water although they retard or prevent 

 cleavage (Lucke, Parpart, and Ricca, 1941). 



Cyanide. McClendon, 1909b; R. S. Lillie, 1918a, b; HCN increases, KCN 

 decreases (Blumenthal, 1927, 1928). 



Electric current. 60 cycle A. C. has no effect in sea water but causes a slight de- 

 crease in isotonic glucose containing small amounts of NaCl, KCl and CaCl, 

 (Fowler, 1934). 



Electrolytes. For general statement see Mathews, 1905; R. S. Lillie, 1910, 1911a, 

 b, 1912, 1914a; Lillie and Baskervill, 1921, 1922; McClendon, 1910a; Lucke and 

 McCutcheon, 1926 a, b, 1929, 1932. 



Absence of ions (glucose solution) increases k for water from 0.05 to o.i at 12 °C, 

 and 0.000 1 M CaCl 2 or MgCl, added to glucose solution maintains k same as in 

 sea water (McCutcheon and Lucke, 1928). 



Cations decrease permeability to water, the effectiveness increasing with the 

 valence of the cation. In 0.38 M dextrose solution containing 0.005 M K^ citrate 

 (in which solution cells have high water permeability), the following concentrations 

 of cobaltamine chlorides were required to reduce permeability to the value ob- 

 tained in sea water: — 0.00005 M of the 6 valent salt, more than twice as much of 

 the 4 valent salt, more than eight times as much of the 3 valent, and 64 times as 

 much of the 2 valent salt, while this amount of the i valent salt was incompletely 

 effective. Temperature 12° ± 0.5 °C. (Lucke and McCutcheon, 1929). 



Anions increase permeability to water, the effectiveness increasing rapidly with 

 the valence of the anions. In 0.38 M dextrose solution containing 0.0005 ^ CaClg, 

 0.00 1 M of potassium ferrocyanide was required to definitely increase permeability, 

 twice as much ferricyanide, four times as much potassium sulphate, and eight times 



