OF EXPERIMENTAL WORK 207 



(1927a, b) data. For later references, see Table 17 of Analyses of phosphorus frac- 

 tions. 



ATP and ADP. — In eggs (Abelson, 1948; see Whiteley, 1949). ATP restores 

 division rate reduced to 50 % by lowered oxygen tension (Barnett, 1953). 



Radioactive Phosphate P^^. — Used for metabolism studies by Brooks (1940, 1943; 

 Abelson (1947, 1948); Villee, et al. (1949, 1950, 1952, 1953). 



Effect of P^^. — On division rate; delay (Green and Roth, 1950). 



Phosphorus Metabolism. — Inhibited by (i) usnic acid (Marshak and Harting, 1948) ; 

 (2) dinitrophenol, malononitrile, uranyl nitrate, nitrogen mustard, cold; high con- 

 centrations of pilocarpine, atropine, eserine, acetylcholine, with an acceleration of 

 phosphorus metabolism using low concentrations (Villee, et al., 1949, 1952). See 

 also Abelson (1947). 



Phosphorylation. — (Clowes, 1951 ; Clowes, Keltch, Strittmatter, and Walters, 1950; 

 Clowes, Keltch, and Walters, 1951 a, b; Keltch, Smythe, and Clowes, 1951 ; Keltch, 

 Strittmatter, Walters, and Clowes, 1950; Strittmatter, Keltch, Walters, and Clowes, 

 1950; Krahl's Review, 1950, pp. 184, 198). 



TABLE 17 



ANALYSES OF THE PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS OF ARBACIA EGGS 



In milligrams P per gram wet weight of egg or embryo (from Villee, 

 Lowens, Gordon, Leonard, and Rich, 1949, p. 98 



T . , cx Acid sol. Phospho- Acid in- DNA RNA Phospho- 



Investigator Stage ^ ^.p.^ p ^^jp p p p^^^^^^ p 



Crane (1947) Unfertilized 1.26 1.26 0.84 0.034 o-^S 0.155 

 eggs 



Schmidt, Hecht Unfertilized — 1.52 1.06 0.039 0.924 0.108 



and Thann- eggs 

 hauser (1948) 



Villee et al. 3 hr. 1.42 — 0.86 0.05 0.74 0.06 



(1949) embryos 



See also Abelson (1947, 1948). The above table is given in a slightly modified form by 

 Krahl (1950, p. 188). Another table including Arbacia and other sea urchins is given by 

 Whiteley (1949). 



Other Species (additional) and General References 



Brooks and Chambers, 1948. S. purpuratus, S.franciscanus. 



Chambers and Mende, 1953. S. drobachiensis. 



Krahl, 1950. Review, p. 187. 



Lindberg, 1949, 1950. ATP in Ps. miliaris and P. lividus. 



Masing, 1910, 1914. A. lixula. 



Needham and Needham, 1930. Dendraster excentricus. 



Rothschild and Barnes, 1953. Phosphorus fractions oi Paracentrotus lividus. 



Rothschild and Mann, 1950. ATP in sperm oi Echinus esculentus. 



Runnstrom, 1952b. General. 



Wetzel, 1907. P. lividus. 



Whiteley, 1949. Lytechinus pictus and General, 



Zielinski, 1939. P. lividus. 



