2l6 ALPHABETICAL COMPILATION 



1936 a, b, c; Krahl and Clowes, 1935, 1936 a, b, 1938, 1940; Hutchens, Krahl, and 

 Clowes, 1939; Krahl, Keltch, and Clowes, 1937; Clowes, 1951). On parthenogenetic 

 eggs (Keltch and Clowes, 1947; Keltch, Walters, and Clowes, 1947). On cell-free 

 system, see under VI. See Krahl (1950, p. 196 and his Table IV.) 



4. Mercuric Chloride, Hydrogen Peroxide and X-rays. — In small doses increase respir- 

 ation with delay of cell division ; large doses'decrease respiration with delay of cell 

 division (Barron, Flood, and Gasvoda, 1949; Barron and Seki, 1952; Barron, Seki, 



ind Johnson, 1952). 



5. Methylene blue. — See above A I 8. 



III. Practically No Effect on Oj Consumption, or Slight Decrease, with Blocking 

 (Sometimes Reversible) of Cell Division by 



/. Anaesthetics. — (Narcotics). See topic Anaesthetics. 



2. Nitrogen Mustards. — (Barron, Seegmiller, Mendes, and Narahara, 1948; Hut- 

 chens and Podolsky, 1948). 



3. Penicillin. — (Henry and Henry, 1945). See Krahl (1950, p. 206). 



4. Usnic Acid. — Antibiotic (Marshak and Harting, 1948). 



5. Sulphanilamide. — (0.04 M) blocks cleavage and reduces oxygen consumption 

 to 55 %. No effect on unfertilized eggs (Fisher, Henry, and Low, 1944). (See Krahl, 

 1950, Table VIII). 



6. Sodium Azide. — (5 x io~^ M) cell division blocked while respiration is inhibited 

 50% (Krahl, Keltch, Neubeck, and Clowes, 1941; Fisher, Henry, and Low, 1944). 



7. Sodium Sulfide. — (2 X lO"* M) cell division blocked while respiration is in- 

 hibited 50% (Krahl, Keltch, Neubeck, and Clowes, 1941). 



IV. Decrease or Inhibition of O2 Consumption and of Cell Division 



/. Low oxygen Tension. — O2 consumption practically constant from 228 to 20 mm. 

 Hg., then decreases ; same for cell division ; no cleavage below 4 mm. Hg. (Amberson, 

 1928). See also Tang (1931, 1933, 1941 ; Gerard (1931); Tang and Gerard (1932); 

 Clowes and Krahl (1940); Krahl (1950). For unfertilized eggs, see Tang (1931a). 



2. Carbon Dioxide. — (Root, 1930; Haywood and Root, 1930, 1932). 



3. Carbon Monoxide. — Action reversed by light (Clowes and Krahl, 1940; Krahl, 

 1950). On cytochrome oxidase (Krahl, Keltch, Neubeck, and Clowes, 1941). See 

 M. M. Brooks (1943). 



4. Cyanides. — See under topic Cyanides. 



5. lodoacetate. — (lodoacetic acid). (Runnstrom, 1935c; Clowes and Krahl, 1940; 

 Krahl and Clowes, 1940). 



6. Naphthoquinones. — Inhibit respiration and cleavage in high concentrations, 

 stimulate respiration in low concentrations (Anfinsen, 1947). 



7. Malononitrile. — Depresses respiration, inhibits cleavage (Villee, et al., 1949). 



8. Caffeine. — (Cheney, 1945, 1946). 



g. Mercuric Chloride, Hydrogen Peroxide and X-rays. — In large doses decrease respi- 

 ration with delay of cell division ; in small doses increase respiration with delay of 

 cell division (Barron, Flood, and Gasvoda, 1949; Barron and Seki, 1952; Barron, 

 Seki, and Johnson, 1952). For x-rays see also Chesley (1934) and Evans (1950). 



V. Oxygen Consumption of Half-Eggs 



Unfertilized white half, same as whole egg; unfertilized red half 88 % in excess 

 of whole egg; fertilized white half 2.7 fold increase at 25.9 ^C, like whole egg; 

 fertilized red half same as unfertilized (Shapiro, 1935b, 1939b). See under A I, i 

 Table 18. (Also Navez and E. B. Harvey, 1935; Ballentine, 1940 c). 



VI. Oxygen Consumption in Cell-Free System 



In homogenates or in thawed frozen eggs (Runnstrom, 1935a, also with pyocyanine 

 or methylene blue). Oxidase activity but no respiration (Boell, Chambers, Glancy, 

 and Stern, 1940). Cytochrome oxidase activity and content of fractions (Krahl, 



