OF EXPERIMENTAL WORK 219 



Needham, 1931. Chemical Embryology. 

 Needham, 1942. Biochemistry and Morphogenesis. 



Runnstrom, 1949 a. Metabolic changes following lertilization; a review with good biblio- 

 graphy, no titles. 

 Smith and Kleiber, 1950. Size of egg and oxygen consumption. 

 Whitaker, 1933b. Rate of oxygen consumption; comparisons and interpretation. 



Other Species (additional) 



Ashbel, )''o A. pustulosa, RQ.. 



Ashbel, . ). puslulosa, P. lividus, hydrogen ion concentration. 



Borei, 1940, 1949. Ps. miliaris, fall of respiration after removal from ovary. 

 Callan, 1949. Naples species, respiration and cleavage rates. 

 Carter, 1931. E. esculentus, E. miliaris, sperm. 



Ephrussi, 1926, 1933. Paracentrotvs lividus, temperature on respiration, different stages and RQ_. 

 Gray, 1925, 1927 a. E. esculentus, E. miliaris, cleavage and growth. 

 Hultin, 1949b, 1950a. Ps. miliaris, P. lividus, homogenates and calcium. 

 Laser and Rothschild, 1939. Ps. miliaris, respiration during fertilization. 

 Lindahl, 1939. P. lividus, respiration at different stages. 

 Lindahl, 1941. P. lividus, cyanide. Many other papers. 



Lindahl and Holter, 1940. P. lividus, respiration of animal and vegetative halves. 

 Lindberg and Ernster, 1948. S. drobachiensis, homogenates. 

 Ohman, 1940. P. lividus, RQ., at different stages. 

 Orstrom, 1932 a. P. lividus, dimethylparaphenylenediamine. 

 Robbie, 1948, 1949. Echinarachnius parma, Tripneustes esculentus, cyanide. 

 Rothschild, 1948 a, i95od, 1951a. E. esculentus, sperm. 

 Rothschild, 1949. Ps. miliaris, carbon monoxide on eggs. 

 Runnstrom, 1930, 1932. P. lividus, Arbacia pust'jlosa, respiration of egg. 

 Tyler and Humason, 1937. S. purpuratus, Dendraster excentricus, temperature coefficients. 

 Vasseur, 1949b. 5. drobachiensis, E. esculentus, Ps. miliaris, calciuni and jelly on respiration of 

 sperm. 



RHYTHMS OR PERIODS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY DURING MITOTIC CYCLE 



Acids. — HCl, most susceptible at cleavage, first and second (Spaulding, 1904); HCl 

 and oxalic acid, during resting period; acetic, propionic butyric and valeric acids 

 at anaphase (Keltch, Wade, and Clowes, 1934) ; see also Clow^es, Keltch, and Wade 



(1933)- 



Alcohols, Higher. — Most susceptible 10 to 15 minutes after fertilization and imme- 

 diately before cleavage, 45 to 48 minutes after fertilization (Baldwin, 1920); see 

 Blumenthal (1930). 



Ammonia. — And organic amines, at beginning of prophase (Keltch, Wade, and 

 Clowes, 1934); see also Clowes, Keltch, and Wade (1933). 



Carbon Dioxide Production. — Maximum at cleavage, first and second (Lyon, 1904, 

 a, b). 



Catalase. — No rhythmical change in content or action during cleavage and devel- 

 opment, but increase just after fertilization (Lyon, 1909). 



Colchicine. — About io~*M. Mitosis stopped at late prophase or metaphase (Nebel, 

 1937, Nebel and Ruttle, 1938; Beams and Evans, 1940; Wilbur, 1940). See Corn- 

 man and Cornman (1951). 



Cold. — o^ to 2 °C. Most susceptible 10 to 15 minutes after fertilization; different 

 from heat, similar to KCN (Lyon, 1904b). 



Cyanides. — Most susceptible (M/50 to M/200 KCN) 10 to 15 minutes after fer- 

 tilization, and just after first and second cleavage ; same as for oxygen-lack ; probably 

 each cleavage increases susceptibility (Lyon, 1902, 1904a). But Mathews (1906a) 



