224 ALPHABETICAL COMPILATION 



Par thenogenetic Agent. — (Loeb, 1914a; R. S. Lillie and Baskervili, 1922; Heilbrunn 

 and Young, 1930; E. B Harvey and HoUaender, 1937, 1938; Moser, 1939b). For 

 cytology, multipolar and anastral mitoses see Nebel, E. B. Harvey, and HoUaender 

 (1937); E. B. Harvey and HoUaender (1938). For method, HoUaender (1938). 

 Fertilization membrane on one side (Moser, 1939b; E. N. Harvey, 1942); also 

 Spikes (1944) ioT Lytechinus pictus and Reed (1943, 1948) for S. purpuratus. Both white 

 and red (non-nucleate ) half-eggs are activated with wave lengths of 2260-2480 A, 

 and the red halves with 2650-3300 A also (E. B. Harvey and HoUaender, 1937, 



1938). 



Cytolytic Agent. — R. S. Lillie and Baskervili, 1922; Heilbrunn and Young, 1930). 



Permeability. — Uncertain (See Heilbrunn's 1952 General Physiology, p. 164). In- 

 crease in P. lividus (Tchakhotine, 192 1 b) and in Lytechinus pictus (Spikes, 1944), but 

 Reed (1948) found no change in permeability in S. purpuratus. 



Viscosity. — Decrease for 15 minutes then increase (Heilbrunn and Young, 1930). 



Breaking with Centrifugal Force. — Break more readily after radiation (E. B. H., 1950 

 unpub.). 



Loss of Fertilizin. — And agglutinating power (Hinrichs, 1926 c, 1927). 



Echinochrome . — Fades (Hinrichs, 1927). Pigment granules in egg become clumped 

 (E. B. H., 1950 unpub.). 



Loss of Jelly. — (E. B. H., 1950 unpub.). 



Sperm. — Reduced motility and fertilizing power and agglutination (Hinrichs, 

 1926 b, c, 1927). Sperm more sensitive than eggs (Giese, 1946). Sperm treated with 

 ultraviolet before fertilization delay cleavage ; no photorecovery if outside the egg 

 (Marshak, 1949b, c; Blum, et al., 1950c, 1951). 



Amoebocytes. — They round up and red ones become pale (E. B. H., 1950, unpub.). 



Chromatin. — As photographed by ultraviolet light (E. B. Harvey and Lavin, 1944). 



Eggs. — Half-eggs and plutei as photographed by ultraviolet light (E. B. Harvey 

 and Lavin, 1951a). 



Ultraviolet and Heat. — (Hinrichs, 1927; Hutchings, 1948). 



Other Species (additional) and General References 



Casperson and Schultz, 1940, Psammechinus miliaris, absorption spectra. 



Chase, 1938. Dendraster excentricus. 



Giese, 1939. Strongylocentrolus purpuratus, sperm. 



Giese, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950. General and reviews; see especially for references to 



Giese on Pacific Coast forms. 

 Giese and Wells, 1952. S. purpuratus. 

 Heilbrunn and Mazia, 1936. Review in Duggar's Biological Effects of Radiation, vol. I, p. 



625-676. 

 HoUaender, 1954. Radiation Biology. Review. 

 Tchakhotine, 1 92 1 b. Paracentrotus lividus, puncture method. 

 Tchakhotine, 1937. P. lividus, parthenogenesis, change in permeability. 

 Vies and Gex, 1928, 1934. P. lividus. 

 Wells and Giese, 1950. S. purpuratus, photoreactivity. 



VISCOSITY 



Water. — At 20 'C. = i centipoise. 



Clear Protoplasm. — Of Arbacia egg = 3 centipoises; determined by centrifuging 

 granules and by Brownian movement of granules in centrifuged egg. (Heilbrunn, 

 1926a, b, 1927, 1928, p. 67, 1943, p. 69). 



Entire Protoplasm. — Equals 6-7 centipoises (Heilbrunn, ibid.). 



Nuclear Fluid. — About 10 centipoises (Heilbrunn, 1943, p. 73). 



