226 ALPHABETICAL COMPILATION 



Injury substances (D. Harding, 1951). 



Light with dyes, eosin and rose bengal (Alsup, 1941). 



Potassium cyanide (Heilbrunn, 1920 a, b). 



Sahs. NaCl (Heilbrunn, 1923, 1927, 1928, p. 146, 1943, p. 81 ; E. B. Harvey 1945; 

 see Chambers, 1949). KCl (Ibid.). Potassium citrate (Wilbur and Recknagel, 1943). 

 NH4CI (Heilbrunn, 1923, 1928, p. 146), CuClj; increase after 20 min. (Heilbrunn, 

 1928, p. 143; see also Angerer, i937)-CuS04 (Heilbrunn, 1927, 1928, p. i43).HgGl2 

 (Ibid.). 



Saponin (Heilbrunn, 19 15). 



Temperature. Cold, o °C. to 5 °C. (Payne, 1928, 1930). Cold, increasing viscosity 

 with increasing cold 28 °C. to — 1,8 °C. (Costello, 1934). Cold, extreme, below 

 — 3 °C. (Heilbrunn, 1920b). Heat, 31.5 °C. to 32.9 °C. (Heilbrunn, 1925a, 1928, 

 p. 116). 



Ultraviolet rays, decrease of interior at first, then increase. (Heilbrunn and Young 



1930)- 



X-rays, increased viscosity following fertilization is prolonged ; no effect on unfer- 

 tilized eggs (W. L. Wilson, 1950). 



No Effect on Viscosity of 



External pH (Heilbrunn, 1923, pH 7-9; Goldforb, 1935b). 



Shearing (centrifugal) forces (Heilbrunn, 1928, p. 47, 1943, p. 70; Howard, 

 1932). 



X-rays on unfertilized eggs (W. L. Wilson, 1950). 



Other Species and General References 



J. E. Harris, 1939. Echinus esculentus, nucleus. 



Heilbrunn, 1928, 1943, 1952. General. 



Hyman, 1923. Strongylocentrotus franciscanus and ^. purpuratus. 



Marsland and Landau, 1950. Echinarachnius parma. 



Mitchell, 1941. General. 



Runnstrom, 1928c, d. Echinocardium, Parac'entrotus, Psammechinus microtubercutatus, Ps. miliaris, 



Arbacia lixula. See his literature list for other references. 

 Runnstrom and Kriszat, 1950 a. Ps. miliaris. 

 Seifriz, 1920, 1924. Tripneustes, Echinarachniiis ; 1929. General. 



VISIBLE LIGHT AND PHOTODYNAMIC ACTION 



Visible Light. — On cleavage, little effect (Giese, 1947; Marshak, 1949 c). On parthe- 

 nogenesis. Induces membrane formation (R. S. Lillie and Hinrichs, 1923; Hinrichs, 

 1926a). 



Photosensitization. — Visible light and dyes. On cleavage and development (eggs or 

 sperm treated), abnormal development or delayed cleavage with 



Benzoflavin (Hinrichs, 1926 a, b). 



Eosin (Hinrichs, 1923; 1926a, b. ; Child, 1924, p. 109 footnote; Pereira 1925). 



Methylene blue (Hinrichs, 1926a, b). 



Neutral red (Hinrichs, 1926a, b). 



Rhodamine B (L. B. Clark, 1940). 



Riboflavin, on sperm (Marshak, 1949 c). 



Rose bengal (Alsup, 1941). 

 Causes parthenogenesis with Eosin (R. S. Lillie and Hinrichs, 1923; Alsup, 1941) 

 and Rose bengal (Alsup, 1941). Causes cytolysis with rhodamine (L. B. Clark, 1940), 

 Photoreactivity. — Enhanced recovery with visible light after ultraviolet light (Blum 

 et al., 1949 a, b, 1950 c, d, 1951; Marshak, 1949 b, c). 



