OF EXPERIMENTAL WORK 227 



Reversal. — Inhibition by carbon monoxide of cytochrome oxidase is reversed by 

 Hght (Krahl, Keltch, Neubeck, and Clowes, 1941). 



Viscosity. — Increase with eosin or rose bengal (Alsup, 1941). 



Other Species 



Bohn and Drzewina, 1923. Strongylocenlrotus lividiis, neutral red and light. 



A. R. Moore, 1928b. S. purpuratus, eosin and light. 



Rothschild, 1949. Psammechinus miliaris, light and CO, 



Tennent, 1942. Lytechinus variegatus, many dyes and light. Also, many short articles in this 



literature list. 

 Wells and Giese, 1950. 5. purpuratus, on sperm. 



VITAL DYES 



On Stratified, Centrifuged Eggs. — See Part III on Centrifuging, Chapter 17 and Table 

 8. (Also E. B. Harvey, 1941c). 



On granules of egg. — See under Chromatophores, Clear Layer, Mitochondria, 

 Yolk Granules. (This section). 



Immature eggs. — ( Toxopneustes ) stain with certain intravitam dyes more than fer- 

 tilized and fertilized more than unfertilized (Lyon and Shackell, 1910b; E. N. Har- 

 vey, 1910c). 



Increased Oxygen Consumption. — With methylene blue, toluylene blue and the effect 

 of KCN and urethanes (Barron 1929, Barron, and Hamburger, 1932). Methylene 

 blue, neutral red, o-cresol-indophenol, dimethyl paraphenylenediamine, with block 

 of cell division (Clowes and Krahl, 1936a: Krahl, 1950, Tables VIII, IX). Methyl- 

 ene blue, effect on cleavage and development (Waterman, 1938, 1941). Methylene 

 blue with acceleration of development; effect of KCN and CO (M. M. Brooks, 

 1943). Methylene blue, toluylene blue, brilliant cresyl blue with delay of first cleavage 

 (Shapiro, 1948a). Methylene blue; x-rays have no effect (Chesley, 1934). 



With pyocyanine not affected by KCN (Barron and Hamburger, 1932). More in- 

 crease in respiration in unfertilized than fertilized eggs ; more with pyocyanine than 

 with methylene blue; effect of HCN and of lithium with pyocyanine (Runnstrom, 

 1935 a, b). Increase of respiration with block to cell division (Clowes and Krahl, 

 1936a; Krahl, 1950, his Table VIII). Effect of KCN and temperature (Korr, 1937). 

 Effect on cleavage and development (Waterman, 1938, 1941). 



Janus Green B. — Delays or inhibits cleavage and development. (R. D. Allen, 

 1950). 



Photosensitizing Action. — Neutral red and methylene blue (Hinrichs, 1926 a, b) ; 

 rhodamine B (L. B. Clark, 1940). See extensive study on Lytechinus variegatus by 

 Tennent (1942; and many short papers). 



Exogastrulae . — Produced by two indigo sulphonate dyes, not by methylene blue 

 (M. M. Brooks, 1951). 



Vital Staining. — Of parts of eggs or embryos to trace development (Vogt method) ; 

 not used for Arbacia but for other sea urchin eggs by von Ubisch (1925), Lindahl 

 (1932 c) and Horstadius (1935), et al.; see article by Horstadius (1950) in McClung's 

 Microscopical Technique, 3rd ed., p. 561-563. 



Injection. — Of vital dyes for pH determination, see under Hydrogen Ion Concen- 

 tration. 



General References 



Standard books on cytological technique: 

 Conn's Biological Stains, 1946, 5th ed. 

 Lee's Vade Alecum, 1950, nth ed. 

 McClung's Microscopical Technique, 1950, 3rd ed 



