SUBJECT INDEX 



295 



Table 1 and Plate II; structure, 72; stain 

 and ultraviolet, 72; jelly, 73; reaction to 

 sperm, 73; centrifuging and gravity, 74, 

 76; respiration, 74; permeability to 

 water, 75; polar body formation, 75, 76, 

 Plate II 



Oogenesis, Mespilia, 71 



Ophiura albida, 17 



Oranges de mer, pommes de mer, 5 



Ordovician, 20 



Osmotic behavior. Tables 11, 12; Plate 

 XIV; see Compilation under Permea- 

 bility 



Osmotic pressure, see Compilation, 196 



Oursin, 4 



Ovary, see Gonad 



Oxidizing enzymes, 178 



Oxygen consumption, see Respiration 



Oxygen-lack, see Compilation, 197-198; 

 sperm, 91; cleavage figure, 104; fertiliza- 

 tion, 107; chromatophores, 160 



Papillae on immature egg, see Blebs; geni- 

 tal, 48; sex dimorphism, 48 



Paracentrotiis (Strongylocentrotus) lividus 

 development, 18, 95, 117; as food, 22 

 23; use of shell, 25; pigment, 28; gonads 

 31; burrowing, 38; phototaxis, 43; dec 

 orates itself, 44; locomotion, 45; righting 

 movements, 46; sex dimorphism, 47, 

 hermaphrodite, 51; summer and winter 

 eggs, 54; ripe eggs, 55; lunar periodicity 

 56; classification, 65; egg size, 65; respira 

 tion of oocyte, 74; cytoplasmic matura 

 tion, 75; polar bodies, 76; first cleavage 

 99; cleavage rate, 100; chromosomes 

 102; refertilization, 107; many references 

 in Compilation, mostly under Other 

 Species, after each topic 



Paramoecium, swimming rate, 90 



Paraphenylinediamine, see Dimethylpara- 

 phenylinediamine 



Parthenogenesis, see Compilation, 198-201; 

 fertilization after, 108, 170; cleavage 

 delay, 165 



Parthenogenetic merogones, 140-141; Plates 

 XI, XVI, 13; 201 



Pebbles on shell, see Storm forecast, and 

 Decorate 



Pedicgjlariae, 30; Fig. 6 



Penicillin, cleavage, 162, 165 



Periodate (sodium), 202 



Perivisceral fluid, see Compilation, 201-202 



Perivitelline space, see Compilation, 202- 

 203; 83, 95 



Permeability, see Compilation, 203-206; 

 see also Osmotic behavior 



PH, see Hydrogen ion concentration 



Phenols, on sperm, 91; plutei, 112; cleav- 

 age, 165; phenols and pH, 186; on phos- 

 phorus metabolism, 207; 215, 220 



Phospholipids, 206. 207 



Phosphorus metabolism, see Compilation, 

 206-207; see also Nucleoproteins; Table 

 17; in late eggs, 149; in eggs, 166; P** 

 cleavage, 165 



Phosphorylation, see Carbohydrate metab- 

 olism, 157; enzymes, 178; phosphorus 

 metabolism, 207, 217 



Photodynamic action, see Visible light 



Phototaxis, 43 



Pigment granules, see Chromatophores, 

 Echinochrome, test and spines, 28; im- 

 mature egg, 71, 74; mature egg, 85, 86; 

 cleavage, 96; mature centrifuged egg, 

 125; Fig. 12., Plate VII; stain, 126, Table 

 8; in pluteus, no, 111; effect of potas- 

 sium and calcium, 209 



Pigment quarter-egg, 129, Table 9, 144, 

 Fig. 12, Plate VII 



Pigment spots, in pluteus, no, ni 



Pilocarpine, cleavage, 162, 165; phos- 

 phorus metabolism, 207 



Plasma membrane, see Compilation, 208; 

 83, Figs. 9, 10 



Pliocene, post- Pliocene, 21 



Pluteus, origin of term, 17, 18; description, 

 110-112; Plate IV; skeleton, iio-in; pig- 

 ment spots, 111; ultraviolet photographs, 

 111; infrared, 112; abnormal, 112; meth- 

 ylene blue, 112; KCN, 112; develop- 

 ment, not fed, 113, Plate XVI 10; when 

 fed, 116; length of arm in growth, 116, 

 Table 6 



Pluteus paradoxus, 17 



Plymouth, 113 



Podophyllin, podophyllotoxin, quercitin, 

 fading of cleavage figure, 104; cleavage, 

 165 



Polar bodies, formation, 75-76; Plate II; 

 centrifuging, 76; lost or retained, 52, 

 76; stratification, 128 



Polarity of egg, 76, 128, 138, 139 



Polyspermy, see Compilation, 208-209; 

 in old eggs, 149; in immature egg, 75 



Porcupine, porcupine stones, 3, 5 



Potassium, see Compilation, 209-210 



Pressure, hydrostatic, internal, mechani- 

 cal, see Compilation, 210-211; on cleav- 

 age figure, 104, 151 



Prism larva, no; Plate IV, 3 



Prophase, 96, Plate V, 5 



Proteins, see Compilation, 211-212; see also 

 Nucleoproteins, 194-195 



Psainmechinus inicrotuberculatus, food, 

 22; covers with pebbles, 44; geotropism, 



