296 



SUBJECT INDEX 



45; sex dimorphism, 48; hermaphrodite, 

 51; classification, 64; size of egg, 64; 

 first cleavage, 99; chromosomes, 102; 

 refertilization, 107; development, 117; 

 pressure, 211; many references in Com- 

 pilation, mostly under Other Species 



Psammechirius miliaris, cover with peb- 

 bles, 11, 44; albino, 30; mature, 36; 

 growth and size, 37; rock boring, 39; 

 disappearance, 42; phototaxis, 43; geo- 

 tropism, 45; sex dimorphism, 48; clas- 

 sification, 64; two types, S and Z, 64; 

 size of egg, 64; RNA in immature egg, 

 73; papillae, 73; respiration of imma- 

 ture eggs, 74; cytoplasmic maturation, 

 75; swimming rate of sperm, 90; first 

 cleavage, 99; development, 117; many 

 references in Compilation, mostly under 

 Other Species after each topic 



Pseudocentrotus depressus, see Compila- 

 tion, Other Species 



Pseudonucleus, 141 



Pyocyanine, see Vital dyes; plutei, 112; 

 cleavage, 165, 197; respiration, 170, 215; 

 lithium, 190 



Quadruplets, see Compilation, 223 

 Quantities of Arbacia used, 40, 41 

 Quantity of eggs, 77-78, 94; of sperm, 94 

 Quercitin, cleavage, 165 

 Quinine, cleavage, 104, 165; stains chroma- 



tophores, 125, 158; parthenogenesis, 200; 



polyspermy, 209 



Radiata, 14 



Radium, see Compilation, 212; cleavage, 

 162, 165 



Red half -egg, 129, 130, 140-141; Fig. 12; 

 Plates VII, X, XI; Table 9; properties, 

 135-137; see Parthenogenetic merogone 



Reef urchin, 38, see Echinometra lucunter 



Regeneration, spines, etc., 38; pluteus, 115 



Removal of gonads, 58 



Resistance, electrical, 175, 176 



Respiration, oxygen consumption, metab- 

 olism, see Compilation, 212-219 



Rhomalium, mid-bodies, 101 



Rhythms of susceptibility during mitotic 

 cycle, see Compilation, 219-220 



Riccio di mare, riccio tnarino, 4, 22 



Righting reaction, 46 



Rings of growth, 38 



Ripe eggs, Arbacia, 52; Paracentrotus 

 lividus, 55; Lytechinus, 55; S. purpura- 

 tus, 55 



Rock-borers, 38-39 



Roentgen rays, see X-rays 



Roman, Romans, 8-13; food, 22 



Rondelet, historical, 14; Fig. 4; food, 23 

 Rotation of sperm head, 95 

 Rotenone, cleavage, 165 

 Rubidium, and potassium, 209 



Salmacis bicolor, gonads, 31; classification, 

 64; egg size, 64; metamorphosis, 117 



Salts, see Na, K etc.; parthenogenetic 

 agents, 199; viscosity, 226 



Sand-burrower, Echinocardium cordatum, 



39 



Sardanapalus, 6 



Scarcity of Arbacia, 40-42; of other sea 

 urchins, 42, 43 



Sea chestnuts, see Kastanien, chdtaignes 

 de mer, 5 



Sea eggs, sea thistles, 4, 5 



Season, cleavage, 165 



Seeigel, 4, see Apfel, 5 



Seminal fluid, 93 



Sex determination, morphological, 47; 

 electrical method, 49 



Sex dimorphism, 47-48 



Sex ratio, 47 



Shape of Arbacia, 27 



Shape of eggs, 78; Echinocardium, 78; 

 flattening, 78; amoeboid, 78 



Shedding of eggs and sperm, 52-58; forced 

 shedding, 57-58 



Shell, see Compilation, 221; see also test; 

 uses, 25-26; skeleton of pluteus, no, 157; 

 chemical composition, 221 



Silurian, 20 



Size of Arbacia, 27, 28; increase, 31; when 

 mature, 36 



Size of eggs, given in classification, 63-67; 

 size of unfertilized egg, 78, 79; varia- 

 tion in size, 79, 80; aberrant size, 80; 

 effect of age, temperature, etc., 81; fer- 

 tilized egg, 79; size and cleavage rate, 

 99; in hypo-hypertonic sea water, 132; 

 Table 11, Plate XIV 



Skeleton, Ca, 157; arm skeleton in hybrids, 

 no 



Sodium, see Compilation, 221-222 



Sodium periodate, 57 



Specific gravity, see Density 



Sperm, 87-94; morphology, 87-89; Fig. 11; 

 stains, 88; swimming rate, 90; motility, 

 90, 91; echinochrome, 91; oxygen-lack 

 on motility, 91; Ca-free sea water on 

 motility and fertilization, 91; anaes- 

 thetics, 91; longevity, 91; injury, 92; ag- 

 glutination, 92; chemotaxis, 92; poly- 

 spermy, 93; see Compilation; techniques, 

 93-94; number of sperm, 94; entrance 

 and cleavage plane, 100; number for 

 fertilization, 101; KCl on, 209 



