9-2 



THE yEAST CELL 



THE DE FONBRUNE PNEUMATIC MICROMANIPULATOR 



Several types of micromanipulators operating on simple me- 

 chanical principles are available and may be used with advantage 

 in the dissection of asci. Most of these instruments involve the use 

 of three levers to control movement of the dissecting needle in each 

 dimension, and the necessity of constantly changing from one lever 



Fig. Q-1 The de Fonbrune Microforge Showing the Platinum 

 Wire and the Glass Rod in Position to be Melted. 



to the other during manipulation makes it difficult to learn to oper- 

 ate. The de Fonbrune is an "upright" instrument, for it can be so 

 arranged that each movement is precisely the same as one would 

 make if he held the needle in his hand and viewed it without lenses. 

 This makes learning easy. In addition all movements are on one 



