IMMUNITY TO LOCAL SKIN REACTIVITY I39 



rhagic reactions 3 to 5 cm. in diameter in the prepared sites. This 

 obserxation on the phenomenon in guinea pigs to Vibrio cholerae 

 was corroborated by Llyeda (1934). DeCour (1934) noted that 

 guinea pigs were considerably less sensitive to the phenomenon 

 than rabbits. Stolyhwo (1935, 1936) ^^^s able to produce the 

 phenomenon in guinea pigs by means of combined intradermal 

 and intracardial injections of broth or "agar washings" culture 

 hltrates of B. typhosus and B. paratyphosus. It was necessary, 

 ho^vever, to employ considerably larger amoimts of the material 

 for the intravenous injections than in rabbits. The doses were 

 usually 1 to 2 c.c. of broth cidtiue filtrate or 0.25 c.c. of "agar 

 xvashings" cidtine filtrates for guinea pigs weighing between 280 

 and 400 gms. The general lethal effect of the filtrates Avas con- 

 siderably lower for guinea pigs than for rabbits. The hemorrhagic 

 and necrotic reactions themselves x\ere less pronoiuiced than in 

 rabbits and rarely measured over 1 x 1.5 cm. 



Rubin in my laboratories tested a large group of guinea pigs 

 \\'\\\\ B. txplwsus and meningococcus "agar washings" filtrates. For 

 a period of several months negative residts were obtained even 

 \vith as many as 500 reacting luiits. This xvas followed by a period 

 of sexeral -weeks dining which typical reactions were obtained 

 xvith small doses in a high percentage of guinea pigs. Although a 

 seasonal influence suggested itself, no correlation \vith age and 

 sex could be clearly demonstrated. 



H. Gross (i93i«, b, c) , Freinid (i934fl) , Vassiliadis (1935) , and 

 Apitz (1933^) failed to elicit the phenomenon in guinea pigs, 

 whilst Kielanowski and Selzer (i934/:>) considered them of low 

 susceptibility. 



\'arious authors consistently failed to produce the phenomenon 

 of local skin reactivity in mice and rats (Gratia and Linz, 1932c; 

 Shwartzman and Michailovsky, 1932; Stolyhwo, 1935, 1936; Apitz, 

 19336; Kielanowski, 1935; Kielanowski and Selzer, 1934/^'; and 

 others) . Stolyhwo injected one or txvo sites of the skin of the 

 abdominal wall of mice xvith filtrates of B. typhosus and B. para- 

 typhosus. Twenty-four hours later the animals received either in- 

 travenous injections of 0.1 to 0.5 c.c. of the homologous filtrate 

 or 0.5 c.c. to 2 c.c. of the filtrate intraperitoneally. The mice died 

 within twenty to txventy-four hours following the injections and 

 no reactions were obtained. I made preparatory injections of 

 potent filtrates into the skin of the abdominal xvall, back, tail 

 and the scalp of mice. The provocative injections xvere given in- 



