ROLE OF INFLAMMATION 1 47 



])iin(ijjlc's in the l)l()()cl stream and apparently (onstitutes a 

 hitherto unknown mechanism of ])rodiiction ol se\ere injury in 

 the animal cell. 



EFFECTS OF INTRADERMAL INJECTION OF BACTERIAL rRODUCTS IN 

 THEIR RELATION TO THE PHENOMENON 



The effect of an intradermal injection of a bacterial product is 

 conditioned by a number of factors, i.e., animal species, micro- 

 organism employed, mode of preparation of bacterial products, 

 previous sensitization by bacterial products, spontaneous and in- 

 duced infections of the animals tested, etc. A review of the w'oik 

 on reactions of bacterial hypersensitiveness does not belong in 

 this chapter inasmuch as the phenomenon of local skin reactivity 

 concerns the effect of bacterial filtrates upon the skin of normal 

 rabbits. The reader may be referred to interesting and exhaus- 

 tive studies on problems of bacterial hypersensitiveness in animals 

 by Calmette, Gay, Zinsser, Swaft, Baldwin. Petroff, Julianelle. 

 Ecker, Doerr, Coca, Pagel, and others. 



Certain endotoxic substances derived from bacteria, ^vith some 

 of wdiich this monograph is concerned, ^vere described as capable 

 of inducing primary skin reactions in normal rabbits: B. pertussis 

 preparations (Teissier, Reilly, Rivalier and Cambessedes. 1929; 

 Witebsky and Salm, 1937, and others) ; meningococcus (Mal- 

 colm and W^hite, 1932) ; pneumococcus (Zinsser and Grinnell, 

 1927; Julianelle and Reimann, 1926, 1927; Reimann and Julian- 

 elle, 1926; Parker and Pappenheimer, 1928, and others) . These 

 preparations, hoAvever, ^vere lixe or dead bacterial cells prepared 

 by the use of methods resulting in cell destruction. The bacterial 

 preparations employed in the experimental work described in this 

 monograph, are de\'oid of the primary toxic properties of the mate- 

 rials of the foregoing authors. This ^vas emj)hasi/.ed in Chapter i, 

 \vhere characteristic featmes necessary for recognition of the phe- 

 nomenon of local skin reactivity were discussed. 



The erythema and swelling ^vhich constitute the direct reaction 

 to the injection of active principles of the phenomenon of local 

 skin reactivity, are extreinely variable in different rab])its and 

 differ in intensity in various skin sites of the same rabbit. The 

 erythema producing factors are not remo\ed by boiling and auto- 

 claving of the filtrates and they are not inactivated by addition 

 of immune sera. 



