METHODS OF ELICITATION OF PHENOMENON 1 87 



demarcated by a lard-like non-affected portion of the tinnor. Some 

 of the guinea pigs siir\i\ed the treatment for se\eral ^veeks. Tiiese 

 animals sho\ved foci of necrosis and even licjiiefaction of the tis- 

 sues Ijut the tumor actually proliferated at the perijjhery of the 

 necrosed site. Bet^veen the necrosed and the normal portions 

 there \vas also observed a zone of hemorrhagic reaction in ^vhich 

 the histological examination demonstrated an active vascular 

 proliferation. The authors concluded from the experiments that 

 the phenomenon of local skin reactivity could be also produced 

 in the sarcoma of the guinea pig. 



Appelmans and Vassiliadis (1931) attempted to elicit the phe- 

 nomenon of local reactivity in the gastric mucosa and in the 

 peritoneinn. They used filtrates of cultures of B. colt and B. 

 typliosus. The intravenous injections were made t^venty-foiu" 

 hours folloAving the preparatory injections into the gastric mu- 

 cosa, and visceral and parietal peritoneum. The same rabbits 

 were also injected into the dermis of the ear. The injections 

 elicited reactions in the ear but failed to produce any lesions in 

 the serous membranes and in the gastric mucosa. These authors 

 assumed that the gastric mucosa and peritoneum Avere not sus- 

 ceptible to the phenomenon under consideration. It Avas sho^vn 

 previously that there exist strict quantitative reciprocal relation- 

 ships between the skin-preparatory and provocative doses. If sev- 

 eral areas of the skin are prepared simultaneously and an 

 insufficient amotuit of toxic material is subsequently injected 

 intra\enously, only some of these areas ^vill react to the provoca- 

 tive injection, i.e., apparently the most susceptible ones. If the 

 amount of toxin injected intravenously is very large, uniform or 

 severe reactions may be obtained in all the prepared areas. It is 

 quite possible that the aiuoiuit of the filtrate injected intrave- 

 nously in the experiments of Appelmans and \^assiliadis was not 

 sufficient for the production of reactions in all the sites prepared, 

 I.e.. dermis of the ear, gastric mucosa, visceral and parietal peri- 

 toneum. It seems that in experiments of this type in ^vhich the 

 susceptibility of the prepared organ and the dosage necessary are 

 unknown, it may be important to employ only one site for the 

 preparation; or when several sites are employed, it is advisable 

 to inject a filtrate of ascertained high preparatory potency. The 

 negative findings of Appelmans and Wassiliadis are contrasted by 

 the experiments of subsecjuent in\estigators. Karsner, Ecker and 

 Jackson (1931-32), injected 0.2 c.c. of concentrated B. co'li cul- 



