METHODS OF ELICITATION OF PHENOMENON ig^ 



of tlie preparatory factors into the general circulation ("prepara- 

 tion by way of general circulation") . 



LOCAL VASCULAR REACTIVITY 



In 1929, I performed the follo\\ing experiments in collabora- 

 tion ^vith Baehr: 



Elicitation of renal vascular reactivity : 



Kidneys Avere exposed f3y median laparotomy. The left renal 

 vein was clamped off and 0.5 c.c. of B. typhosus "agar Avashings" 

 filtrate Avas injected into the left renal artery. The clamp Avas 

 released 5 minutes following the injection. The right kidney 

 received an injection of phenolized saline under the same con- 

 ditions. Twenty-four hours later, B. typhosus "agar washings" 

 filtrate, in a dose of 100 reacting units per kilo of body weight, 

 was injected into the ear vein of the rabbits. TA\enty-four hours 

 after the provocative injection the left kidneys showed extremely 

 severe hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions of the cortex and medulla. 

 No gross lesions were observed in the right kidneys. No systematic 

 histological studies Avere made at the time. It was concluded from 

 the experiments that the preparatory factors are capable of elicit- 

 ing a state of reacti\ ity via the vascular system of the kidnev. 



Inasmuch as the vascular system of the kidney possesses an ini- 

 usually high permeability which may be altogether different from 

 other organs, it was of interest to determine whether a similar 

 mode of preparation could be successfully used in the rabbit's ear 

 (Shwartzman, 1935c) . 



Elicitation of vascular reactivity in the rabbit's ear: 



In this work advantage Avas taken of the fact that the circula- 

 tion of blood could be apparently efficiently stopped in the ear 

 by application of a surgical clamp to the base, inasmuch as Niagara 

 sky blue (a dye of slow diffusibility extensively used by Rous 

 and his co-Avorkers and prepared according to the method of 

 Rous, 1930) injected into the marginal vein of a clamped ear, 

 failed to enter the general circulation. 



In the first series of experiments, preparatory injections of men- 

 ingococcus and B. typJiosus "agar washings" filtrates were made 

 into the marginal veins of clamped and non-clamped ears and 

 were folloAved l)y injection of reacting factors into the marginal 

 \ein of the prepared or non-prepared ear after various interAals 



