METHODS OF ELICITATION OF PHENOMENON 213 



acti\e ])rinciples ol the plieiioinenon played a protective role by 

 infliieiiciiig ta\orably the course of the injection. The favorable 

 effect possibly was clue to a non-specific stimulation of the defense 

 mechanism of the host. Treatment with larger doses of active 

 principles, however, gave rise to severe general infections which 

 were accompanied, in many instances, by acute endocarditis of a 

 type not seen in Groups 1 and 2. 



It appears from Apitz's experiments that the intravascular prep- 

 aration ^vith active principles of the phenomenon may induce 

 profound changes in the response of the endocardium. It may, 

 therefore, be considered as an example of elicitation of reactivity 

 in the endocardium, Avhich is altogether different from anaphylac- 

 tic stimulation jjroduced by protein sensitization. 



THE EFFECT OF ACTIVE PRINCIPLES UPON INFECTED SKIN SITES 



Early in the ^vork, I observed that sites infected with Strepto- 

 coccus hemolyticus scarlatiuae (strain 4014) become hemorrhagic 

 and necrotic follo^ving the intravenous injection of a homologous 

 or heterologous bacterial filtrate. 



Gratia and Linz (iQ^y/;) studied the effect of active principles 

 of the phenomenon on a variety of bacterial and virus infections. 

 Staphylococcus-infected sites failed to react to the intravenous 

 injection of the active principles of the phenomenon. This con- 

 forms with my own residts and is best explained by the fact that 

 the nitrates and other preparations of Staphylococcus aureus usu- 

 ally fail to elicit the state of reactivity to the phenomenon under 

 discussion. These authors also reported on their failine to re- 

 produce the state of reactivity with viruses of herpes, encephalitis 

 lethargica, and hydrophobia. 



There seemed to be, however, in the experiments of Gratia 

 and Linz, a definite effect of the active principles upon B. au- 

 tJiracis infections. The skin of rabbits was inoculated with 0.5 c.c. 

 of vaccine II of B. anthracis. The following day there appeared 

 edema at the site of the inoculation. The animals then received 

 intravenously B. coli active principles. One rabbit survived. The 

 site of the anthrax infection showed a reaction typical of the 

 phenomenon of local skin reactivity at the point of inocidation 

 and also in the inguinal and axillary nodes which were already 

 infected with B. anthracis by direct extension. It is of interest 

 that the occurrence of the phenomenon in the infected sites may 



