METHODS OF ELICITATION OF PHENOMENON 21 5 



the tissues ol the host and not (ontnit^ent upon the physiological 

 (Ufferences ol \asculai permeability as in the phenomenon ol 

 local ieacti\'ity to bacterial liltrates induced by way ot the general 

 circulation. 



It ap})ears irom Kopliks (19,^55) observations that \accinia virus 

 cultures (method of Rivers, 1931) are effective in preparing the 

 skin of rabbits for the phenomenc:)n vvhen the intradermal inocu- 

 lation of such ciUtures is follo^ved after an interval of three to 

 six days by an intravenous injection of similar cidture virus, of 

 neurcnirus, or of B. typhosus active principles. The virus must 

 be potent and an acti\e lesion is essential for the elicitation of 

 hemorrhage at the local site. 



Hemorrhages in about 2 per cent of the animals used ^vere 

 noted by this author, i.e., hemorrhage into or around vaccinia 

 lesions Avithout subsequent intravenous injection. Two such rab- 

 bits were studied. One of these primary reactions occurred four 

 days after inocidation Avith cultine virus diluted 1:5. Aerobic and 

 anaerobic cultmes of the hearts blood, li\er, lungs, and kidneys 

 were all negati\e. The second primary reaction occiured on the 

 fifth day in a rabbit in which a virus culture was being titrated. 

 B. ivelchii vvas cidtured from the heart's bloc^d, hmgs, li\er, and 

 kidneys. W^hen this organism vvas injected intravenously into rab- 

 bits which had been inocidated intradermally three days before 

 with vaccinia virus, the \accinia lesicjns in 2 out of 3 rabbits so 

 treated became markedly hemorrhagic. Blood cultures from a 

 ninnber of \'accinated rabbits not exhibiting primary hemc^rrhagic 

 reactions were all negatixe. 



It seems essential to use healthy rabbits for the reproductic^n of 

 the phenomenon of local skin reactivity to \'accinia virus. Kop- 

 lik noticed se\eral vaccinaticjns become hemorrhagic in rabbits 

 affected vvith "snuffles" from 'which no organism was reco\'ered on 

 blood cidtiue. It xvas somewhat suggesti\'e that vvith the "snuffles" 

 the reacting factors may be elaborated which could impart to the 

 vaccinia lesions a hemorrhagic character. That such was probably 

 the case Avith the rabbit infected vvith B. ivelchii was demonstrated 

 experimentally. 



In 1931, P. Bordet (1936c/) injected B. proleus and B. coli ac- 

 tive principles into the jugular vein of guinea pigs infected 

 spontaneously vvith pseudo-tuberculosis, and also in later investiga- 

 tions, into guinea pigs with induced pseudo-tubercidous infec- 

 tion. The injection of the active princijiles elicited a marked 



