REACTIVITY OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS 239 



the exception of tlie tumors. This author concliiclcd that only 

 principles active in the elicitation ot tlie j)henomenon of local 

 skin reactivity are capable of producing the reaction in tlie tinnor 

 and that the hemorrhage observed is not a manifestation of gen- 

 eral vascidar intoxication. He believes, hoAvever, that the timior 

 reaction is accompanied by the picttne of general intoxication 

 with a bacterial filtrate and is only effective when lethal doses 

 are used. The experiments to be described at the end of this 

 chapter, wherel^y the lethal effect of the hltrates was partially 

 removed by addition of innntme serum, seem to contradict defi- 

 nitely this latter statement. 



Using 2000 mice Shear (i9;^5) carried out comparatixe studies 

 on the effect of variotis agents upon the gro^vth of transplantable 

 ttnnors and concluded the following: 



The neoplastic tissue conserved its water content mtich better 

 than other tissues; Ca CU and Na H4CI were used in order to 

 deplete the body's water by dimesis. These stibstances were ad- 

 ministered to ttmior-bearing mice in various amoiuits and inider 

 various conditions. Repeated bleedings ^vere done by snipping off 

 the tip of the tail and placing the entire tail in a 5 per cent solu- 

 tion of sodium citrate kept at about 45° c. Histamine was admin- 

 istered repeatedly in closes of 0.3 c.c. of 2 per cent sokition. This 

 treatment ^vas repeated initil a total of five injections ^vas given. 

 Mixtmes of soluble specific carbohydrate of Type I and the anti- 

 body of Type I were employed in repeated sid)cutaneous and 

 intravenous injections. There ^vere also used bacterial metabolites 

 {i.e., tyramine, trimethylamine, choline, skatole, and indol) , alco- 

 hol, ether, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, fibrin, sodiimi citrate, 

 heparin, gelatin, acacia, egg albtmiin, serimi albtmiin, etc. 



In ttnnor-bearing mice, complete withdrawal of drinking water 

 residted in earlier death than in non-tumor-bearing control mice. 

 No effect upon the tinnor was observed. Massive bleeding did not 

 have a pronc^imced effect uj^on tinnor gro^vth although it seemed 

 in some experiments to affect the size of tumors. This may have 

 been due to poor general condition of the mice and not to a 

 specific effect on the tumors. The foregoing substances employed 

 did not seem to influence the groAvth of the tumors, although 

 sodium oleate produced hemorrhage and liquefaction in an ap- 

 parently insignificant number of cases. The effect of the latter 

 Avas previously observed by Nakahara (1924, 1925) . 



In Shear's experiments sublethal doses of meningococcus active 



