44 General Morphology of the Protozoa 



stages of Monocystis agilis contain comparatively few Golgi bodies; the 

 older stages show more numerous inclusions (85). Changes in cytoplasmic 

 distribution also occur at different stages in the life-cycles of gregarines 

 (109). 



7 he parabasal apparatus of flagellates has been homologized with meta- 

 zoan Golgi material (48). The stigma of Euglena also has been considered 

 Golgi apparatus (71) on the basis of its supposed homology with the 

 parabasal body of certain other flagellates. Mangenot (163) has objected 

 that the stigma is more probably a modified plastid and that impregnation 

 has no significance beyond the fact that carotenoid pigments will reduce 

 osmium tetroxide. The endoplasmic spherules of Opalma also have been 

 considered ecjuivalent to the parabasal apparatus of flagellates and hence 

 to represent Golgi bodies (122). However, the endoplasmic spherules are 

 distinct from the Golgi material described in Protoopalina (189). Even 

 the recognition of authentic parabasal bodies as Golgi material has been 

 opposed on several grounds (123, 208). 



Inclusions superficially resembling Golgi networks have been described. 

 A simple "net" was produced in Plasmodium praecox by the fusion of 

 osmiophilic globules (35). A more complicated net, supposedly arising 

 from the food vacuole, has been reported in Entamoeba gingivalis (19), 

 while the Golgi apparatus of Peranema trie hop horiitn (14) has been pic- 

 tured as fibrils resembling the silver-line systems of certain euglenoid 

 flagellates. 



The membrane of the contractile vacuole, which is osmiophilic in 

 Chilomonas Paramecium and certain ciliates (51, 170, 171), also has been 

 considered Golgi apparatus. Gatenby and Singh (58) have extended this 

 concept to the wall of the reservoir (gullet) in Copromonns suhtilis 

 (Euglenida). If the wall of the contractile vacuole is to be homologized 

 with the Golgi apparatus, it probably should be osmiophilic in Protozoa 

 generally. Such is not the case, since the contractile vacuole of various 

 ciliates and flagellates is not osmiophilic (15, 75, 84, 168). 



Another suggestion (35, 75, 110) is that neutral-red granules may be 

 recognized as Golgi material because elements of the vacuome are im- 

 pregnated by Golgi techniques in a number of species. Sound objections 

 to this generalization have arisen. Attempts to impregnate the neutral- 

 red granules of several species by the usual Golgi methods have failed 

 (16, 40, 124, 139, 154, 157, 213). Furthermore, the osmiophilic bodies of 

 certain gregarines move toward the centripetal pole in the ultracentrifuge, 

 whereas the neutral-red granules are not noticeably displaced (40). Also, 

 the neutral-red granules oi Paramecium (120) and Ichthyophthirius (159) 

 remain stratified with the food vacuoles, although other cytoplasmic in- 

 clusions are displaced. The significance of the results obtained with the 

 ultracentrifuge is uncertain. In the case of metazoan Golgi bodies, the 



