The Mastigophora 187 



Family 1. Monocercomonadidae. There is either a free or an adherent 

 trailing flagelhini but no cresta and no undulating membrane with its 

 underlying costa. The group includes parasites of the digestive tract in 

 termites, certain other insects, and all classes of vertebrates. However, the 

 distribution of particular genera ranges from that of Tricercomitus, in 

 termites only, to that of Monocercoconas, reported from various groups 

 of vertebrates and insects, including termites. 



The family contains the following genera: Hexamastix AlexeiefF (136; Fig. 4. 46, 

 B). Monocercomonas Grassi (Eiitrirlininastix Kofoid and Swezy, Trichomastix Bloch- 

 mann) (137; Fig. 4. 46, H, I), Protrichnmonas Alexeieff (2), Pseudotrichomonas Bishop 

 (21; Fig. 4. 46. E), Tetratrichomastix Mackinnon (190), and Tricercomitus Kirby (136; 

 Fig. 4.^46, C, D). 



Family 2. Devescovinidae. A group of three anterior flagella is char- 

 acteristic and there is also a trailing flagellum which becomes a rather 

 broad ribbon in some species. The trailing flagellum is often adherent to 

 the body through part of its length but there is no undulating membrane. 

 Bacteria are commonly attached to the surface of the body. The charac- 

 teristic cresta varies from a small narrow structure to a wide band ex- 

 tending almost the length of the body. The parabasal body ranges from 

 a short rod to a long structure coiled around the axostyle. The axostyle 

 may curve forward along one side of the nucleus. More commonly, the an- 

 terior part of the axostyle is flattened into a capitulum. The Devesco- 

 dinidae are known from termites, almost entirely from the Kalotermitidae. 

 The occurrence of encystment is doubtful and flagellates probably are 

 transferred by proctodeal feeding. 



The following genera are included: BuUanympha Kirby (148; Fig. 1. 8, E), Caduceia 

 Franca (142; Fig. 4. 47, B), Devescoviua Foa (141; Fig. 4. 46, A, F), Foaina Janicki (143; 

 Fig. 4. 47, C), Gigantomonas Dogicl (146; Fig. 2. 14, H-J), Hyperdevescovina Kirby 

 (148; Fig. 4. 47, E). Macrotriclwinonas Grassi (142; Fig. 4. 47, D), Metadevescovina 

 Light (145; Fig. 4. 47, A), Parajoenia Janicki (143; Fig. 4. 46, G), and Pseudodevescovina 

 Sutherland (145; Fig. 4. 47, F). Gigantomojjas differs from the others in that the cycle 

 includes an amoeboid stage, sometimes multinucleate, in which elements of the mas- 

 tigont may be much reduced. 



Family 3. Calonymphidae. These are multinucleate flagellates with 

 eight (Coronympha) to hundreds of mastigonts (Snyderella), each usu- 

 ally containing four flagella. One of the four is typically a trailing flag- 

 ellum. The cresta is well developed in some species but is small or else 

 lacking in others. The axostyles range from fairly heavy separate struc- 

 tures to slender filaments which form a compact axial bundle. Coronym- 

 pha, Metacoronympha, and Stephanonympha contain karyomastigonts 

 exclusively. In Calonympha there are both karyomastigonts and masti- 

 gonts, while the mastigonts and nuclei are completely dissociated in 

 Snyderella. The Calonym25hidae have been reported mostly from the 



