Host-Parasite Relationships 539 



malaria occurs endemically in the Caymans and is common in some of 

 the Leeward and Windward Islands and in Tobago. To the north of 

 Cuba, malaria has been reported in some of the southern Bahama 

 Islands but is uncommon. 



In South America, endemic malaria extends along the western coast 

 from Columbia through Ecuador and Peru into northern Chile. East- 

 ward, malaria is widely distribtited in Venezuela, the Guianas and Brazil, 

 except for highland areas. Southward, through Brazil, malaria is endemic 

 in much of Bolivia and Paraguay and extends well into Argentina. 

 Chagas' disease apparently occurs throughout much of South America. 

 The data on incidence are quite incomplete, but recent surveys have 

 shown that this disease is much more common than was formerly sus- 

 pected. Cutaneous leishmaniasis also is scattered throughout much of 

 South America and occasional cases of visceral leishmaniasis have been 

 reported from Argentina northward to Venezuela. Infections with 

 intestinal Protozoa are presumably as common in South America as they 

 are in Central and North America. 



The Mediterranean area 



Malaria (particularly benign and malignant tertian) is still of 

 some importance in Spain, Italy, Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece, Turkey, 

 the Levant States, Transjordan, and Palestine, and has been a serious 

 problem in the eastern area within the last few decades. Within this 

 period there have been years in which Greece and Albania, for example, 

 reported a malarial incidence of about 25 per cent. Along the southern 

 shore of the Mediterranean, malaria extends westward through climati- 

 cally favorable areas to Morocco. Visceral leishmaniasis has been reported 

 occasionally in Spain, Sicily, Malta, Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia, Turkey, 

 Transjordan, Syria, and Lebanon, while dermal leishmaniasis extends 

 from eastern Egypt into Palestine and the Levant States, southern Turkey, 

 and several provinces of Greece. Infections with E. histolytica and other 

 intestinal Protozoa are known to be common in some parts of the Medi- 

 terranean area and are probably far from rare in other regions for which 

 data are unavailable. 



Europe north of the Mediterranean area 



Malaria extends along the western shores of Europe from Portu- 

 gal to the Baltic Sea, and in recent years, has occurred also in Finland. 

 Although malaria is a disease of minor importance in northern Europe, 

 benign tertian is still fairly common in the coastal regions of Holland. 

 Malaria occurs also around the Black Sea, where both malignant and 

 benign tertian may be found, and has extended northwestward for some 

 distance along the Danube River. Infections with intestinal Protozoa 



