PHYSIOLOGY 



85 



pseudopodia which surround the food on all sides and ingest it (c) ; 

 (4) by "invagination," in which the amoeba touches and adheres to 

 the food, and the ectoplasm in contact with it is invaginated into the 

 endoplasm as a tube, the cytoplasmic membrane later disappears 

 (d-h). Jennings, Kepner, Schaeffer and others, have made studies 

 with reference to the food-ingestion in amoebae. 



Fig. 32. Various ways b^^ which amoebae capture food organisms, 

 a, A moeba verrucosa feeding on Oscillatoria by 'import' (Rhumbler) ; b, ^ . 

 proteus feeding on bacterial glea by 'circumfluence'; c, on Paramecium 

 by 'circumvallation' (Kepner and Whitlock); d-h, A. verrucosa ingesting 

 a food particle by 'invagination' (Gross- Allermann). 



In certain testaceans, such as Gromia, several rhizopodia cooper- 

 ate in engulfing the prey and, in Lieberkiihnia (Fig. 33), Verworn 

 noted ciliates are captured by and digested in rhizopodia. Similar 

 observation was made by Schaudinn in the heliozoan Camptonema in 

 which several axopodia anastomose to capture a prey (Fig. 109, d). 

 In the holozoic Mastigophora, such as Hypermastigina, which do 

 not possess cytostome, the food-ingestion is by pseudopodia also. 



The food particles become attached to the pseudopodium and are 



