28 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



Winter's Classification of Bacteria (1880) 



a. Cells spherical or oval. 



b. Cells isolated, in chains or embedded irregularly in mucus. 



1. Micrococcus Cohn 

 bb. Cells united into definite colonies. 



c. Colony hollow, with peripheral layer of cells. 



2. Cohnia Winter 

 cc. Colony solid, filled with cells. 



d. Cells united in small but definite numbers into regular 



families 3. Sarcina Goodsir 



dd. Cells in large and indefinite numbers united into irregular 



colonies 4. Ascococcus Cohn 



aa. Cells cylindric, short or long. 



b. Cells short, cylindric, single or bound loosely together in pairs 



5. Bacterium 

 bb. Cells longer, cylindric, united into filaments. 



c. Filaments isolated or felted. 

 d. Unbranched. 



e. Cells straight. 



f. Short, definitely jointed 



6. Bacillus Cohn 

 ff. Long, indefinitely jointed. 



g. Very slender. . .7. Leptothrix Kiitzing 



gg. Thicker 8. Beggiatoa Trevisan 



ee. Cells spiral or bent. 



f. Cells short, with few turns, not flexuous. 



9. Spirillum Ehr. 



ff. Cells longer, with numerous turns, flexible. 



10. Spirochaeta Ehr. 

 dd. With apparent branches 11. Cladothrix Cohn 



cc. Cells embedded in rounded gelatinous masses. 



12. Myconostoc Cohn 

 aaa. Cells lancet-like; flat bands, spirally wound. .13. Spiromonas Perty 



In an "Anhang" he includes two other genera, Sphaerotilus Kiit- 

 zing and Crenothrix Cohn. The name Cohnia used as generic designa- 

 tion by Winter was preoccupied, and changed later by Schroeter to 

 Lamprocystis. 



Prazmowski (1880) in a study of certain anaerobic bacteria revived 

 Trecul's casual name Clostridium, and created a genus with this designa- 

 tion to include those organisms which produce spores in more or less 

 spindle-shaped cells. 



De Lanessan (1880) gave an outline of a classification of the genera of 

 bacteria as follows: 



