GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 29 



de Lanessan's (1880) Classification of Bacteria 



A. Cells not united in filaments, separating immediately after division, or in 



colonies (zoogloea) united by a gelatinous substance. 

 I. Cells dividing in one direction only. 



a. Cells spherical Micrococcus 



b. Cells elliptical or short cylindrical.. . .Bacterium 



II. Cells dividing regularly in three directions of space, forming cubical 

 colonies Sarcina 



B. Cells cylindrical in filaments. 



I. Filaments straight, imperfectly segmented. 



a. Filaments very slender and short, small rods. 



Bacillus 



b. Filaments slender and long Leptothrix 



c. Filaments broader and long Beggiatoa 



II. Filaments undulant or spiral. 



a. Filaments short. 



1. Filaments slightly undulant .... Vibrio 



2. Filaments spiral, stiff Spirillum 



b. Filaments long, flexible, with rapid undulations, spiral throughout 



length, slender, actively motile . . .Spirochaeta 



Bergonzini (1881) named a violet organism which he studied Cromo- 

 hacterium violaceum. 



Kern (1882, p. 135) studied the organism producing a Caucasian 

 fermented milk beverage. Because it apparently produced two spores 

 to a cell he named it Dispora caucasica. Either Kern mistook other 

 cell inclusions for spores or confused spore-bearing bacteria with the 

 sour milk form. His organism cannot be satisfactorily identified from 

 his description, and the genus name has not been used by other writers. 



Zopf (1883) in the first edition of his ''Die Spaltpilze" formulated 

 a somewhat new characterization of bacterial genera. The families 

 and genera recognized may be separated as follows: 



Zopf s Classification of Bacteria (1883) 



a. Cells spherical, sometimes in filaments made up of coccal elements. One 



genus only Leuconostoc 



aa. Organisms showing coccus and rod shapes in growth stages. 



b. Spiral forms lacking as a growth stage. Filamentous stage showing 

 no differentiation of base and tip. 



e. Not becoming spindle or club shaped when sporulating. 



Bacterium 

 cc. Rods becoming spindle shaped or ellipsoidal or club shaped 

 when sporulating Clostridium 



