GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 45 



In the same year also appeared the first of the classifications of 

 bacteria used by Migula (1890). He gave no summarized statement, 

 but the following outline shows his conception of generic relationships. 



Migula's First Classification of Bacteria (1890) 



A. Cells spherical. 



I. Cells falling apart upon division Mikrococcus 



II. Cells remaining united in groups. 



a. Forming irregular masses Staphylococcus 



b. Forming regular groups. 



1. Cells in chains Streptococcus 



2. Cells in regular packets Sarcina 



3. Cells in flat plates, tetrads .... Merismopedia 



4. Cells in gelatinous masses Leuconostoc 



B. Cells rod shaped. 



I. No spores produced Bacterium 



II. Spores produced. 



a. Cell when sporulating not spindle shaped. 



Bacillus 



b. Cell when sporulating spindle shaped. 



Clostridium 



C. Cells spiral. 



I. Cells relatively short. 



a. Stiff, not flexuous Spirillum 



b. Flexuous Vibrio 



II. Cells relatively long and flexuous Spirochaete 



D. Cells filamentous. 



Genera. Beggiatoa, Crenothrix, Cladothrix and Sphaerotilus. 



Guignard (1890) named an organism responsible for the formation 

 of large sUmy masses on rocks on the seashore, Streblothrichia Bornetii. 



During the year 1891 at least three generic names were applied to 

 bacteria as new. These were Micromyces b}^ Gruber for a form of 

 Actinomyces, Eubacillus by Dangeard for certain green bacteria (con- 

 taining chlorophyll) and Rhodococcus by Zopf for the red cocci. 



Ludwig (1892) outlined the following classification of bacterial 

 genera. The number of genera recognized is smaller than those of some 

 previous authors, but in some respects it represents a real advance. 



Ludwig's Classification of the Bacteria (1892) 



I. Cocci, with spherical non-motile cells, without endospores, or with a single 

 endospore in the cell: 

 A. Not embedded in slime : 



1. Simply or irregularly grouped Micrococcus .,^^^''cC\C. I^ 



2. Cells in pairs Diplococcus 



3. Cells in chains Streptococcus 



Xh- 



