50 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



2. Spore bearing rod spindle shaped . . . Clostrinium 



3. Spore bearing rod clavate Plectrinium 



h. Producing arthrospores Arthrobactrinum 



III. Family Bactrillei. With polar tuft of flagella. 



a. Producing endospores. 



1. Spore bearing rod cylindric Bactrillum 



2. Spore bearing rod spindle shaped. . .Clostrillum 



3. Spore bearing rod clavate Plectrillum 



b. Producing arthrospores Arthrobactrillum 



IV. Family Bactridiel. With diffuse flagella. 



a. Producing endospores. 



1. Spore bearing rod cylindric Bactridium 



2. Spore bearing rod spindle shaped. . .Clostridium 



3. Spore bearing rod clavate: 



(a) Single spored Plectridium 



(b) With two spores Diplectridium 



b. Producing arthrospores Arthrobactridium 



The year 1896 was notable in the history of bacterial classification 

 for the appearance of the scheme of Lehmann and Neumann. The 

 outlines of classification of Migula, Fischer, and Lehmann and Neumann 

 constitute the bases upon which practically all of the systematic work 

 of the bacteriologists was built during the next two decades. Lehmann 

 and Neumann separated from the true bacteria the bacteria-like 

 Hyphomycetes and the filamentous water or algal bacteria. A key to 

 the families and genera of the true bacteria is as follows : 



Classification of Lehmann and Neimiann (1896) 

 Bacteria or Schizomycetes 



Small cells (almost) always free of chlorophyll, unbranched. Diameter usually 

 not more than 2/i, rarely 3-o/x. Spherical, elongate or spiral, without organs other 

 than flagella. Vegetative division usually transverse, very rarely longitudinal. 



I. Cells spherical when free Family I. Coccaceae Zopf. emend. Migula. 



a. Cells divide only in one direction of space, forming chains if cells remain 



united Streptococcus Billroth 



b. Cells divide on suitable media in three directions of space, forming 



packets Sarcina Goodsir 



c. Cells divide irregularly, forming isolated cells or irregular masses. 



Micrococcus Cohn 

 II. Cells at least 1|, usually 2-6 times as long as broad, straight or slightly bent, 



never spiral Family II. 



Bacteriaceae Zopf. emend. Migula. 

 a. Without endogenous spores, perhaps often with arthrospores. Rods 



usually under O.S-lju diameter Bacterium Cohn emend. 



Hueppe. 



